Download Matter 1. ______ is anything that has ______ and takes up ______

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Matter
____________ is anything that has _________ and takes up __________.
Matter is made up of ____________.
a. atoms are the ___________ __________ of matter.
b. an __________ is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical
identity of that element.
An ____________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances in a chemical reaction. An element contains only ________
__________kind of atom.
A _____________ is a substance that can be broken down into simple substances.
compound is made from the atoms of _____ or ________ elements that are
chemically combined.
Matter exists in one of three states: solid, liquid, gas.
___________:
a. has definite shape and volume.
b. particles in a solid are packed closely together in fixed positions.
c. particles in a solid vibrate in place.
___________:
a. has definite volume but indefinite shape.
b. particles in a liquid are packed closely together but can move around
each other.
c. liquids takes the _________ of the container because particles can move
around each other.
___________:
a. indefinite shape and volume.
b. particles in a gas are in constant random __________ and are far apart from
one another.
c. gases take the shape of the container.
d. particles in a gas completely _______ the container they are in.
e. gases are ______________ – they can be forced to occupy a smaller
volume.
6. Properties of matter - _______________ are the characteristics of matter that can
be used to distinguish between substances, identify unknown substances, and to
separate substances.
7. Classification of Matter – matter can be classified by its physical and chemical
properties.
a _______________ _________________– a characteristic of a substance that
can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.
Examples:
physical state (solid, liquid, gas)
electrical and heat conductivity
color
odor
density
solubility
boiling point
melting point
b. _________________- a description of the way a substance reacts to become a
new substance. For example:
- water reacts vigorously with the metal sodium to produce hydrogen.
- by means of electricity, water decomposes to form hydrogen and oxygen.
c. properties can also be classified as extensive or intensive.
- _____________ properties depend on the amount of matter present. For
example, mass and volume.
- _____________ properties do not depend on the amount of matter
present. For example, density and boiling point.
8. Changes in matter- changes in matter can be classified in two categories- physical
and chemical.
a. A _____________ ______________ is a process in which a substance
changes its physical appearance but not its chemical composition. A new
substance is not formed during a physical change. Examples include cutting,
grinding, dissolving, changing the physical state, and changing the shape.
b. Changes in physical state:
_____________ : liquid → solid _____________: solid → liquid
_____________: gas → liquid _____________: liquid → gas
_____________: solid → gas
_____________: gas → solid
c. A ___________ change is a process in which a substance undergoes a change in
chemical _________________. One or more new substances are formed during a
chemical change. For example, ashes, carbon dioxide, and water among other
substances form when wood is burned. When magnesium burns it forms a white
ash called magnesium oxide.
d. A chemical change occurs during a _____________ ______________. A
chemical equation is used to describe a chemical reaction. In a chemical
reaction, the substances that react are called ______________ and the substances
produced are called ______________. For example, carbon reacts with oxygen
to form carbon dioxide.
carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide
reactants
product
e. Law of conservation of mass – matter is not created or destroyed during a
chemical reaction. This means that the mass of the reactants has to equal the mass
of the products. For example:
hydrogen + oxygen → water
11.2 g + 88.8 g = 100.0g
9. Energy and changes in matter- energy changes accompany physical and chemical
changes.
a. Chemical reactions and physical changes occur with either the simultaneous
evolution of heat (______________ process) or the absorption of heat
(_______________ process). The amount of heat transferred in a process is
usually expressed in calories (cal) or in the SI unit of joules (J). 1 cal = 4.184 J
b. __________________ _______________ is defined as the amount of heat
necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance by 1°C. Each substance
has a specific heat, which is a physical intensive property, like density and
melting point. From knowledge of a substance’s specific heat, the heat (q) that is
absorbed or released in a given process can be calculated by use of the
following equation.
q = m x s x ∆T
q (heat energy) --> cal, kcal, J, or kJ
m (mass) --> g
s (specific heat) --> cal/g . °C
(kcal, J, or kJ can be used in lieu of cal)
∆T = T2 - T1 (change in temp - make ∆T a positive #) --> °C
Example Problems:
1. How many calories are required to heat 352. g of water (s = 1.00 cal/g . °C)
from 32°C to 95°C?
q = m x s x ∆T
q = (352. g) x (1.00 cal/g ∙ ° C) x (95°C - 32°C) = 2.2 x 104 cal
2. What is the heat change in Joules?
J = 2.2 x 104 cal x 4.184 J = 9.2 x 104 J
1 cal