Download Notes Ch 2.1 Intro

Matter
Def: Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space (volume).
3 states of matter
 Solid: has definite shape and volume, particles are
tightly packed, move little
 Liquid: takes shape of container, has a definite
volume, particles less tight, more movement
 Gas: takes shape of container, has indefinite volume,
particles are far apart, fast movement
(Vapor is the gas of a substance liquid at RT)
Matter
 All Matter is divided into 2 categories
1. Substances
Pure composition, distinct properties
2. Mixture of substances
Composition and properties vary with proportion of
substances mixed
Two types of Substances
Elements
 Same type of atom
 Sorted in the PT
 Simplest substance, cannot
be broken down further
 Only nuclear methods can
change one element into
another
Compounds
 Chemical combination of
2 or more atoms
 Ex.
 Water, H2O
 Carbon dioxide, CO2
 Macromolecules



Carbs, Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Mixtures: Physical blend of 2 or
more substances
B. Heterogeneous
A. Homogeneous  Different
properties when
 Identical properties
sampled from different
throughout the
areas
mixture
 Ex.
 Salt water
 Koolaid
 Oil and water
They are also called
 Sand and water
Solutions
 granite
(homogeneous
chemical liquid mix)  Often has
distinct phases
How to separate substances from
Homogeneous Mixture
A. Distillation/
Evaporation
 Separation by boiling pt
B. Chromatography
How to separate substances from
Heterogeneous Mixture
Filtration
By hand
Sieves
Change – Chemical vs. Physical
Chemical Change- Chem.
REACTION Rx
o One or more substances
change into one or more
new substances
o Key words:
o React, burn, rot,
decompose, rust,
corrode,
explosions
Physical Change
o The physical properties of a
substance changes, chemical
composition does not
o Key words:
o Melt, freeze,
condense, boil, mix,
stir, break, split, cut
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