Download Genetics Lesson 5 ALL vocabulary

GENETICSVOCABULARYCarolina
GettingStarted:
1.genes-segmentsofDNAthatprovidedthecodeforhowtomakethematerialsto
buildtraits
2.genetics-thestudyofhowtraitsarepassedfromparentstooffspring
3.sexualreproduction-reproductioninvolvingtwodifferentreproductivecells
4.traits-characteristicsoflivingthings(color,size,shape,etc.)
Investigation5.1andInvestigation5.2
5.allele-differentformsofthegenesthatcodefordifferentvariationsofatrait
6.dominantallele-willalwaysshowitseffectevenwhenonlyonedominatealleleis
presentinanorganismsgenotype.
7.genotype-theactualgenes(alleles)theorganismhas.
8.heterozygous-whenthetwoallelesforatraitaredifferent(onedominantand
onerecessive)
9.homozygous-whenthetwoallelesforatraitarethesame(bothdominantorboth
recessive)
10.phenotype-appearanceofthetrait(whatwecanseeortestfor/observe)
11.recessiveallele-allelethatwillshowitseffectwhentworecessiveallelesare
presentinanorganism.
Investigation5.3and5.4
12.geneticcross-usingprobabilitytopredictthegenotypeofanorganism(breeding
oftwoindividualsthathavedifferentphenotypes)
13.probability-mathematicalchancethataneventwilloccur
14.Punnettsquare-tool(chart)usedtodisplay(show)thepossiblewaysgenes
couldpairduringageneticcross.
ExtendingYourKnowledgereadingselections
15.blendedinheritance–theideathatoffspringinheritablendofparentaltraits.
16.co-dominance-bothallelesaffecttheoffspring’sphenotypeisseparateand
distinctways(humanbloodtypes)
17.completedominance-whenonalleleisexpressedovertheother
18.incompletedominance-bothallelesaffecttheoffspring’sphenotype.Example:
crossingaredcarnationwithawhitecarnationproducespinkcarnations
19.modelorganism-anorganismthatshowsgeneticbehaviorthatiscommonto
alllivingthings(organisms).Mendelusedpeaplants.
20.pleiotropy-allelesaffectmorethatonetrait.Example:onegeneinpeaplants
determinesthecoloroftheseedcoat,theflowerandtheaxel(theanglebetweena
leafandthestem).
21.polygenictraits-multiplegenesaffectonetrait.Exampleishumanheight