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Plate Tectonics S6E5.e: Recognize that lithospheric plates constantly move and cause major geological events on the earth's surface. S6E5.f: Explain the effects of physical processes (plate tectonics, erosion, deposition, volcanic eruption, gravity) on geological features including oceans (composition, currents, and tides). Must Know Vocab My Picture Clue Definition Convection currents the vertical movement of air currents due to temperature variations Convergent boundary the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding Divergent boundary the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other Transform boundary the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally Continental drift the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations Plate tectonics the theory that explains how large pieces of the lithosphere, called plates, move and change shape Pangaea the supercontinent that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break up 250 million years ago Must Know Vocab My Picture Clue Definition Fossil evidence the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock Sea-floor spreading the process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms as magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a midocean ridge mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. Fault a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another; a form of brittle strain continents is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Mid-ocean ridge Rift valley Subduction zone a long, undersea mountain chain that has a steep, narrow valley at its center, that forms as magma rises from the asthenosphere, and that creates new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) as tectonic plates move apart rift zone an area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other the region where one lithospheric plate moves under another one into the asthenosphere Must Know Vocab My Picture Clue trench Ring of Fire Definition a long, narrow, and steep depression that forms on the ocean floor as a result of subduction of a tectonic plate, that runs parallel to the trend of a chain of volcanic islands or the coastline of a continent, and that may be as deep as 11 km below sea level. The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. Learning Targets: 1. I can relate the lithosphere and asthenosphere to plate movement. 2. I can describe geologic features (and events) that are created due to the constant movement of lithospheric plates. 3. I can cite evidence that supports the breakup of Pangaea and continental drift/plate tectonics –sea floor spreading, fossils, etc. 4. I can identify the movement of the plate boundaries ---divergent, convergent, transform—and describe which geologic feature each results in. 5. I can infer that earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are most common at plate boundaries. 6. I can utilize fossil evidence to make inferences about movements of the plates in the past? 7. I can conclude that some changes on the earth’s surface are abrupt (earthquakes and volcanic eruptions), while others changes happen very slowly (uplift and wearing down of mountains).