Ophiolite concept and its evolution
... analogy within the framework of the new plate tectonic theory. This analogy was confirmed at the first Penrose Conference on ophiolites in 1972, whereby an ideal ophiolite sequence was defined to have a layer-cake pseudostratigraphy complete with a sheeted dike complex as a result of seafloor spread ...
... analogy within the framework of the new plate tectonic theory. This analogy was confirmed at the first Penrose Conference on ophiolites in 1972, whereby an ideal ophiolite sequence was defined to have a layer-cake pseudostratigraphy complete with a sheeted dike complex as a result of seafloor spread ...
Yin and yang of continental crust creation and destruction by plate
... by Armstrong 1991), but when the question ‘has continental crust volume increased or decreased with time?’ is addressed thoughtfully, it must be admitted that there is much that is not known. It is clear from truncations of ancient orogenic belts (Dickinson 2009) and the presence of >4.0 Ga zircons ...
... by Armstrong 1991), but when the question ‘has continental crust volume increased or decreased with time?’ is addressed thoughtfully, it must be admitted that there is much that is not known. It is clear from truncations of ancient orogenic belts (Dickinson 2009) and the presence of >4.0 Ga zircons ...
Three lithospheric transects across the Alps and their forelands
... 1. General Introduction The European Alps, located in south-central Europe, record the closure of several ocean basins located in the Mediterranean domain during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic convergence of the African (or Apulian) and European plates (e.g. Trümpy 1960, Frisch 1979, Haas et al. 1 ...
... 1. General Introduction The European Alps, located in south-central Europe, record the closure of several ocean basins located in the Mediterranean domain during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic convergence of the African (or Apulian) and European plates (e.g. Trümpy 1960, Frisch 1979, Haas et al. 1 ...
Crustal thickness anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean Tingting Wang
... WANG ET AL.: CRUSTAL THICKNESS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC ...
... WANG ET AL.: CRUSTAL THICKNESS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC ...
Seismic velocity structure of the rifted margin of the eastern Grand
... [3] Over the last few decades, many studies of continental rifting have focused on the passive margins of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Iberia (Figure 1). The Newfoundland-Iberia region experienced extension in the Triassic, but the final opening of the North Atlantic Ocean started in the Late ...
... [3] Over the last few decades, many studies of continental rifting have focused on the passive margins of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Iberia (Figure 1). The Newfoundland-Iberia region experienced extension in the Triassic, but the final opening of the North Atlantic Ocean started in the Late ...
Summary of Northeast Asia geodynamics and tectonics*
... Fragment of a mildly to intensely deformed complex consisting of varying amounts of turbidite deposits, continental-margin rocks, oceanic crust and overlying units, and oceanic mantle. Units are interpreted to have formed during tectonic juxtaposition in a zone of major thrusting of one lithosphere ...
... Fragment of a mildly to intensely deformed complex consisting of varying amounts of turbidite deposits, continental-margin rocks, oceanic crust and overlying units, and oceanic mantle. Units are interpreted to have formed during tectonic juxtaposition in a zone of major thrusting of one lithosphere ...
Anomalous Occurrence of Cretaceous Placer Deposits: A
... Palaeogeographic studies e.g., [1, 2, 3] show that before the Jurassic period, all the continents of the Earth were sutured together into one supergiant continent, Pangea. The disintegration of this supergiant continent started in the early Jurassic and subsequently resulted in two giant continents: ...
... Palaeogeographic studies e.g., [1, 2, 3] show that before the Jurassic period, all the continents of the Earth were sutured together into one supergiant continent, Pangea. The disintegration of this supergiant continent started in the early Jurassic and subsequently resulted in two giant continents: ...
Continent–ocean transition and voluminous magmatic underplating
... Deep seismic refraction data were gathered across the entire East Greenland rifted margin north of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone between 72◦ N and 75◦ N in 2003. Investigations of the deep crustal structure of this continental margin provide constraints on the formation of the margin and its structura ...
... Deep seismic refraction data were gathered across the entire East Greenland rifted margin north of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone between 72◦ N and 75◦ N in 2003. Investigations of the deep crustal structure of this continental margin provide constraints on the formation of the margin and its structura ...
101 - Durham University Community
... Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with “hotspots” or “mantle plumes”. While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, ...
... Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with “hotspots” or “mantle plumes”. While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, ...
Ar– Ar ages of intrusions in East Greenland: Rift-to
... Greenland rifted margin, the chronology of rift-to-drift transition, and the asymmetry of magmatic activity in the Northeast Atlantic Igneous Province. The alkaline intrusions mainly crop out in tectonic and magmatic lineaments orthogonal to the rifted margin and occur up to 100 km inland. The area ...
... Greenland rifted margin, the chronology of rift-to-drift transition, and the asymmetry of magmatic activity in the Northeast Atlantic Igneous Province. The alkaline intrusions mainly crop out in tectonic and magmatic lineaments orthogonal to the rifted margin and occur up to 100 km inland. The area ...
early evolution of the North American Cordillera Baltican and
... important, shared faunas, igneous and deformational events, and similar detrital zircon populations suggest that all of these terranes developed in some proximity to each other, and therefore constitute elements of a single, albeit complex tectonic system. Here, we summarize the evidence that constr ...
... important, shared faunas, igneous and deformational events, and similar detrital zircon populations suggest that all of these terranes developed in some proximity to each other, and therefore constitute elements of a single, albeit complex tectonic system. Here, we summarize the evidence that constr ...
eastern european alpine system and the carpathian
... to the conclusion that the present shape and mass of the fragments are not their original shapes and masses; they were much larger before collision and thus may have floored much of eastern Tethys. Remnants of oceanic crust (ophiolites) and sedimentary rocks that can be interpreted to have been depo ...
... to the conclusion that the present shape and mass of the fragments are not their original shapes and masses; they were much larger before collision and thus may have floored much of eastern Tethys. Remnants of oceanic crust (ophiolites) and sedimentary rocks that can be interpreted to have been depo ...
Chapter 5
... that accumulate in a loose, unconsolidated form. The particles originate from the weathering and erosion of rocks, from the activity of living organisms, from volcanic eruptions, from chemical processes within the water itself, and even from space. Most of the ocean floor is being slowly dusted by a ...
... that accumulate in a loose, unconsolidated form. The particles originate from the weathering and erosion of rocks, from the activity of living organisms, from volcanic eruptions, from chemical processes within the water itself, and even from space. Most of the ocean floor is being slowly dusted by a ...
Kerguelen Hotspot Magma Output since 130 Ma
... oceanic plateaux predict initially voluminous magmatism over a relatively short period of 1–2 Myr, followed by steady-state magma output at much lower rates (Richards et al., 1989; Duncan & Richards, 1991). Furthermore, massive magma output from hotspots is commonly, but not always associated in spa ...
... oceanic plateaux predict initially voluminous magmatism over a relatively short period of 1–2 Myr, followed by steady-state magma output at much lower rates (Richards et al., 1989; Duncan & Richards, 1991). Furthermore, massive magma output from hotspots is commonly, but not always associated in spa ...
The Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of
... fragments (Veevers, 1991; Veevers et al., 1991) were complemented with detailed reconstructions of Southeast Asia (Hall, 1996, 2002; Metcalfe, 1996; Pubellier et al., 2003). The reconstructions of Lee and Lawver (1994, 1995) were an important contribution as they highlighted the need to publish and ...
... fragments (Veevers, 1991; Veevers et al., 1991) were complemented with detailed reconstructions of Southeast Asia (Hall, 1996, 2002; Metcalfe, 1996; Pubellier et al., 2003). The reconstructions of Lee and Lawver (1994, 1995) were an important contribution as they highlighted the need to publish and ...
Ophiolites and Their Origins
... and proposed, based on geochemical interpretations, that Ophiolites are the remnants of ancient oceanic crust the Troodos oceanic crust on Cyprus was a product of and upper mantle that were tectonically emplaced into island arc magmatism. This was a revolutionary but controcontinental margins. They ...
... and proposed, based on geochemical interpretations, that Ophiolites are the remnants of ancient oceanic crust the Troodos oceanic crust on Cyprus was a product of and upper mantle that were tectonically emplaced into island arc magmatism. This was a revolutionary but controcontinental margins. They ...
PDF
... Stewart (2007) presents a map that summarizes global abundance of exposed post-870 Ma Neoproterozoic rocks: sediments, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks (http://pubs. usgs.gov/of/2007/1087/). This further encourages a broadly international as well as interdisciplinary geoscientific study of Neopr ...
... Stewart (2007) presents a map that summarizes global abundance of exposed post-870 Ma Neoproterozoic rocks: sediments, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks (http://pubs. usgs.gov/of/2007/1087/). This further encourages a broadly international as well as interdisciplinary geoscientific study of Neopr ...
Variations in magmatic processes along the East Greenland
... central Greenland in Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary times (Fig. 1). Thus, the Tertiary volcanism of the North Atlantic margins prior to and during break-up is associated with mantle plume activity within a circle of radius of more than 1200 km. Systematic seismic investigations along the East Greenl ...
... central Greenland in Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary times (Fig. 1). Thus, the Tertiary volcanism of the North Atlantic margins prior to and during break-up is associated with mantle plume activity within a circle of radius of more than 1200 km. Systematic seismic investigations along the East Greenl ...
Geochemistry of Jurassic Oceanic Crust beneath
... crust. Several recent studies, using thorium, oxygen and osmium isotope systems, however, suggest that crustal contamination can affect the chemistry of ocean island magmas (e.g. Nicholson et al., 1991; Marcantonio et al., 1995; Widom & Shirey, 1996; Eiler et al., 1996a, 1996b; Thirlwall et al., 199 ...
... crust. Several recent studies, using thorium, oxygen and osmium isotope systems, however, suggest that crustal contamination can affect the chemistry of ocean island magmas (e.g. Nicholson et al., 1991; Marcantonio et al., 1995; Widom & Shirey, 1996; Eiler et al., 1996a, 1996b; Thirlwall et al., 199 ...
Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 177, 89-95
... oceanic crust was both hotter and thicker than at present (Sleep & Windley, 1982; Bickle, 1986) due to a steep geothermal gradient in the oceanic regions. The common assumption that the Archaean oceanic crust was on the average much more short lived than today (due to vigorous production of mantle-d ...
... oceanic crust was both hotter and thicker than at present (Sleep & Windley, 1982; Bickle, 1986) due to a steep geothermal gradient in the oceanic regions. The common assumption that the Archaean oceanic crust was on the average much more short lived than today (due to vigorous production of mantle-d ...
Continent formation through time
... crustal growth! This requires that growth rates in the past were higher than today, either because the rate of addition was greater, or because the rate of removal was lower, or some combination of both (Hawkesworth & Kemp 2006). Thus, a key question is how has this balance of crustal growth in diff ...
... crustal growth! This requires that growth rates in the past were higher than today, either because the rate of addition was greater, or because the rate of removal was lower, or some combination of both (Hawkesworth & Kemp 2006). Thus, a key question is how has this balance of crustal growth in diff ...
Continental geotherm and the evolution of rifted margins
... Pressure-release melting of a hot (Tp . 1400 8C) mantle plume produces the thick sequences of igneous rocks found at volcanic rifted margins (White and McKenzie, 1989; Bown and White, 1995; Hopper et al., 2003). Lowering the Tp of the sublithospheric mantle to below 1300 8C similarly leads to a decr ...
... Pressure-release melting of a hot (Tp . 1400 8C) mantle plume produces the thick sequences of igneous rocks found at volcanic rifted margins (White and McKenzie, 1989; Bown and White, 1995; Hopper et al., 2003). Lowering the Tp of the sublithospheric mantle to below 1300 8C similarly leads to a decr ...
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... new oceanic lithosphere, effects but may later be enhanced by that is delayed by thermotectonic adjustment. plate flexure under sedimentary loading that forces isostatic which are associated with the consumption At convergent plate junctures, of subducof old oceanic lirhosphere, crustal thickening c ...
... new oceanic lithosphere, effects but may later be enhanced by that is delayed by thermotectonic adjustment. plate flexure under sedimentary loading that forces isostatic which are associated with the consumption At convergent plate junctures, of subducof old oceanic lirhosphere, crustal thickening c ...
Kinematics of the South Atlantic rift
... and lithosphere dynamics during pre-break-up remain unclear in currently published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised plate kinematic model for the pre-break-up evolution of the South Atlantic. Based on structural restoration of ...
... and lithosphere dynamics during pre-break-up remain unclear in currently published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised plate kinematic model for the pre-break-up evolution of the South Atlantic. Based on structural restoration of ...
Kinematics of the South Atlantic rift
... dynamics during pre-breakup remain unclear in currently published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised plate kinematic model for the pre-breakup evolution of the South Atlantic. Based on structural restoration of the conjugate Sou ...
... dynamics during pre-breakup remain unclear in currently published plate models. We have compiled and assimilated data from these intraplated rifts and constructed a revised plate kinematic model for the pre-breakup evolution of the South Atlantic. Based on structural restoration of the conjugate Sou ...
Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea (/pænˈdʒiːə/) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 300 million years ago, and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago. In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a super ocean, Panthalassa. Pangaea was the last supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists.