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Microbe Notes: Kingdoms Archæbacteria and Eubacteria, and Viruses CHAPTERS 23 Pages 460-476 Microbes A microbe is a small organism that can only be seen through a microscope. Microbes A microbe is a small organism that can only be seen through a microscope. There are 4 types of microbes: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists and Viruses. KINGDOM EUBACTERIA Characteristics: Prokaryotic heterotrophic or autotrophic (chemosynthesis and photosynthesis) Unicellular KINGDOM EUBACTERIA Characteristics: Prokaryotic heterotrophic or autotrophic (chemosynthesis and photosynthesis) Unicellular Three Basic Shapes bacilli cocci spirilla Harmful vs. Helpful Bacteria Harmful Bacteria Cause disease like: staff infection, strep throat, cholera, tetanus, tuberculosis, and bubonic plague. Helpful Bacteria Help many animals digest food. Cause tooth decay and gum disease. Break down dead things. Can destroy roads and pipelines Make oxygen. Spoils food. Create food: yogurt, cheese, sour cream, pickles, soy sauce and sourdough bread. Harmful vs. Helpful Bacteria Harmful Bacteria Cause disease like: staff infection, strep throat, cholera, tetanus, tuberculosis, and bubonic plague. Helpful Bacteria Help many animals digest food. Cause tooth decay and gum disease. Break down dead things. Can destroy roads and pipelines Make oxygen (cyanobacteria) Spoils food. Create food: yogurt, cheese, sour cream, pickles, soy sauce and sourdough bread. Harmful vs. Helpful Bacteria Harmful Bacteria Cause disease like: staff infection, strep throat, cholera, tetanus, tuberculosis, and bubonic plague. Helpful Bacteria Help many animals digest food. Cause tooth decay and gum disease. Break down dead things. Can destroy roads and pipelines Make oxygen (cyanobacteria) Spoils food. Create food: yogurt, cheese, sour cream, pickles, soy sauce and sourdough bread. Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular, Prokaryotic Autotrophic (chemosynthesis) and heterotrophic Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular, Prokaryotic Autotrophic (chemosynthesis) and heterotrophic Archae are more similar to eukarya than eubacteria Extremophiles = lovers of extreme conditions Differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Eubacteria Cell Wall Lacks peptidogycan Contains peptidogylcan Cell Membrane contains Hydrocarbons and fatty acids Fatty acids Nutrition Heterotroph and Autotroph (only chemosynthesis) Heterotroph and Autotroph (chemo and photosynthesis) Environment Lives in extreme environments Lives in a wide variety of environments Types of Archaebacteria Type of Archaebacteria Characteristics Where they can be found Methanogens Convert H2 and CO2 into CH4 Anaerobic environments (deep fresh water, marine mud, swamp mud, sewerage) Halophiles Salt loving Great salt Lake and Dead Sea Thermoacidophiles thrive in acidic hot places (230 F and pH > 2) Hydrothermal vents, volcanic vents Viruses Attack living cells in all other kingdoms Viruses Attack living cells in all other kingdoms They need to hijack cells to reproduce Viruses Attack living cells in all other kingdoms They need to hijack cells to reproduce Non-living (no growth, metabolism, or homeostasis) Viruses Classified by shape, structure, and genetic material Viruses Classified by shape, structure, and genetic material Structure: DNA or RNA encased in a protein coat called a capsid Viruses Classified by shape, structure, and genetic material Structure: DNA or RNA encased in a protein coat called a capsid Example Viruses: Mumps, E-bola, HIV, small pox, flu
