optimal viral marketing in the fast moving consumer goods industry
... and positioning. Areas that once were dominated by the marketing department of a firm, like pricing and distribution, are now in the hands of other departments, such like finance and sales. Different studies show that marketing is losing ground within firms (Schultz, 2005; Webster et al. 2005; Verho ...
... and positioning. Areas that once were dominated by the marketing department of a firm, like pricing and distribution, are now in the hands of other departments, such like finance and sales. Different studies show that marketing is losing ground within firms (Schultz, 2005; Webster et al. 2005; Verho ...
rhabdoviridae - Department of Library Services
... each region, so that the introduction of dog rabies may have been a legacy of colonization.215, 628 Rhabdoviruses are rod- or bullet-shaped, rounded at one end and plano-concave at the other, and tend to have a constant diameter of 75 nm with a length that varies from 130 to 300 nm, but some are con ...
... each region, so that the introduction of dog rabies may have been a legacy of colonization.215, 628 Rhabdoviruses are rod- or bullet-shaped, rounded at one end and plano-concave at the other, and tend to have a constant diameter of 75 nm with a length that varies from 130 to 300 nm, but some are con ...
EUROLINE Myositis-Profil 3 (IgG).
... Anti-Ku-antibody-positive patients have myositis, symptoms of scleroderma or SLE in around 40% of cases for each, and frequently also exhibit vascular manifestations. The antigens PMScl100 and PM-Scl75 also enable the identification of overlap syndrome. This disease manifests itself by a combination ...
... Anti-Ku-antibody-positive patients have myositis, symptoms of scleroderma or SLE in around 40% of cases for each, and frequently also exhibit vascular manifestations. The antigens PMScl100 and PM-Scl75 also enable the identification of overlap syndrome. This disease manifests itself by a combination ...
ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS IN CHILDHOOD: Clinical Characteristics
... were the dominating complaints. No other prognostic marker than the severity of the encephalitis leading to admission to the PICU was found. All children with encephalitis who made a full recovery did so within 6 to 12 months. In the acute phase of TBE, fever and headache were present in nearly all ...
... were the dominating complaints. No other prognostic marker than the severity of the encephalitis leading to admission to the PICU was found. All children with encephalitis who made a full recovery did so within 6 to 12 months. In the acute phase of TBE, fever and headache were present in nearly all ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... in multiple-cat households [66]. It is likely that kittens developing FIP do so because they are subjected to a large virus dose at a time of life when their still undeveloped immune systems are also coping with other infections and the stresses of vaccination, relocation, and neutering [11,66]. The ...
... in multiple-cat households [66]. It is likely that kittens developing FIP do so because they are subjected to a large virus dose at a time of life when their still undeveloped immune systems are also coping with other infections and the stresses of vaccination, relocation, and neutering [11,66]. The ...
Cross-Species Infection and Characterization of Avian Hepatitis E
... feces collected from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens experimentally infected with avian HEV were used to prepare an avian HEV infectious stock. The infectivity titer of this infectious stock was determined, by intravenously inoculating one-week old SPF chickens, to be 5 x 104.5 50% chicken inf ...
... feces collected from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens experimentally infected with avian HEV were used to prepare an avian HEV infectious stock. The infectivity titer of this infectious stock was determined, by intravenously inoculating one-week old SPF chickens, to be 5 x 104.5 50% chicken inf ...
Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Children Younger Than
... between maternal and autologous antibody in the child. ELISAs are less expensive than virologic assays, and they can be readily used for testing large batches of samples. However, their use in batch testing means that, generally, there is a delay of up to 1 week in obtaining test results, depending ...
... between maternal and autologous antibody in the child. ELISAs are less expensive than virologic assays, and they can be readily used for testing large batches of samples. However, their use in batch testing means that, generally, there is a delay of up to 1 week in obtaining test results, depending ...
Stopping poliovirus vaccination after eradication
... available and not used at any other time of the year (14). Several studies have demonstrated that vaccinederived poliovirus persists for a limited period in Cuba; evidence of virus replication can be detected for not more than 3 months after a mass campaign (15, 16). This conclusion is supported by ...
... available and not used at any other time of the year (14). Several studies have demonstrated that vaccinederived poliovirus persists for a limited period in Cuba; evidence of virus replication can be detected for not more than 3 months after a mass campaign (15, 16). This conclusion is supported by ...
PATHOLOGY OF WEST NILE VIRUS LINEAGES JUNE HEATHER WILLIAMS
... meningitis and poliomyelitis. Two predominant genetic lineages exist, 1 and 2, with neurovirulent lineage 1 strains recorded in the northern and western hemispheres, the milder lineage 1 Kunjin strain in Australia, and the lineage 2 strain endemic to southern Africa and Madagascar and considered, un ...
... meningitis and poliomyelitis. Two predominant genetic lineages exist, 1 and 2, with neurovirulent lineage 1 strains recorded in the northern and western hemispheres, the milder lineage 1 Kunjin strain in Australia, and the lineage 2 strain endemic to southern Africa and Madagascar and considered, un ...
characterization of escherichia coli strains isolated from infected
... E. coli is a major pathogen of commercially produced poultry all over the world, causing colibacillosis and contributing high significantly to economic losses. In this study, isolation, serotyping, virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility test were characterized for avian pathogenic E. col ...
... E. coli is a major pathogen of commercially produced poultry all over the world, causing colibacillosis and contributing high significantly to economic losses. In this study, isolation, serotyping, virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility test were characterized for avian pathogenic E. col ...
Infectivity in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of plasma collected
... rapid increase in serum RNA levels occurs (ramp-up) or intermittent low-level HCV RNA detection (previously referred to in HIV and SIV infections as “blip” viremia)8,9 that precedes ramp-up by varying intervals up to 2 months. Because HCV RNA levels are very low in this very early phase of infection ...
... rapid increase in serum RNA levels occurs (ramp-up) or intermittent low-level HCV RNA detection (previously referred to in HIV and SIV infections as “blip” viremia)8,9 that precedes ramp-up by varying intervals up to 2 months. Because HCV RNA levels are very low in this very early phase of infection ...
Vaccinia (Smallpox) Vaccine
... Vaccinia vaccine is a highly effective immunizing agent that enabled the global eradication of smallpox. The last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. In May 1980, the World Health Assembly certified that the world was free of naturally occurring smallpox (5 ). By the 19 ...
... Vaccinia vaccine is a highly effective immunizing agent that enabled the global eradication of smallpox. The last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. In May 1980, the World Health Assembly certified that the world was free of naturally occurring smallpox (5 ). By the 19 ...
10. Prevention and control of rabies in wild animals
... spread of the disease from one pack to another. Once a pack member is infected, the disease can decimate the pack because of its highly social nature, with regular contact among the animals. The genetic make-up of rabies virus isolated from wolves is identical to those found in more abundant carnivo ...
... spread of the disease from one pack to another. Once a pack member is infected, the disease can decimate the pack because of its highly social nature, with regular contact among the animals. The genetic make-up of rabies virus isolated from wolves is identical to those found in more abundant carnivo ...
Group 1 Fowl Adenovirus, Serotype 4
... and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, Biosecurity Australia, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of acce ...
... and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, Biosecurity Australia, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of acce ...
Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Rabies
... number of human deaths and improve the availability of postexposure prophylaxis, the costs will rise; however, if dog rabies control and ultimately elimination are achieved by mass dog vaccination, both the demand for post-exposure prophylaxis and the costs decline. National vaccination programmes h ...
... number of human deaths and improve the availability of postexposure prophylaxis, the costs will rise; however, if dog rabies control and ultimately elimination are achieved by mass dog vaccination, both the demand for post-exposure prophylaxis and the costs decline. National vaccination programmes h ...
2013 Alternative vaccine delivery methods
... standard for smallpox vaccine (now containing vaccinia virus) (see Chapter 32), as well as for administering bacille CalmetteGuérin (BCG) to prevent tuberculosis (see Chapter 35). The cutaneous route has both demonstrated and hypothetical advantages over other delivery methods, as described here and ...
... standard for smallpox vaccine (now containing vaccinia virus) (see Chapter 32), as well as for administering bacille CalmetteGuérin (BCG) to prevent tuberculosis (see Chapter 35). The cutaneous route has both demonstrated and hypothetical advantages over other delivery methods, as described here and ...
Treating Herpes Naturally
... aptly referred to viruses as, “...piece[s] of bad news wrapped in protein.” Each type of virus is suited to its own type of host cell. For example, hepatitis viruses prefer the cells of the liver, and herpes simplex viruses prefer nerve and skin cells. The host cell type will often determine which d ...
... aptly referred to viruses as, “...piece[s] of bad news wrapped in protein.” Each type of virus is suited to its own type of host cell. For example, hepatitis viruses prefer the cells of the liver, and herpes simplex viruses prefer nerve and skin cells. The host cell type will often determine which d ...
ASEAN STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
... Seed/bulk/final container samples should be tested as follows: At least 20 susceptible ducks of the minimum age for which the vaccine is intended, are each inoculated with 1 dose of the vaccine by the recommended route. At least 2 weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinates together with 10 unvaccinated ...
... Seed/bulk/final container samples should be tested as follows: At least 20 susceptible ducks of the minimum age for which the vaccine is intended, are each inoculated with 1 dose of the vaccine by the recommended route. At least 2 weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinates together with 10 unvaccinated ...
Manual for the laboratory diagnosis of measles virus infection
... common among young infants, and outbreak associated cases are more likely to be laboratory confirmed than sporadic cases. Measles may resemble infections with rubella, dengue fever, ECHO, coxsackie, parvovirus B19 and herpesvirus 6 viruses, as well as some bacterial and rickettsial diseases. Moreove ...
... common among young infants, and outbreak associated cases are more likely to be laboratory confirmed than sporadic cases. Measles may resemble infections with rubella, dengue fever, ECHO, coxsackie, parvovirus B19 and herpesvirus 6 viruses, as well as some bacterial and rickettsial diseases. Moreove ...
review of pathogens of prawns - Australian Prawn Farmers Association
... at a rate of 300 kg/ha to kill wild crustaceans which may carry YHV. In semi-closed systems, no water exchange takes place within the ponds until 30-60 days poststocking while in closed systems there is no water exchange during the culture cycle. Additional preventative measures, such as excluding p ...
... at a rate of 300 kg/ha to kill wild crustaceans which may carry YHV. In semi-closed systems, no water exchange takes place within the ponds until 30-60 days poststocking while in closed systems there is no water exchange during the culture cycle. Additional preventative measures, such as excluding p ...
Perspectives
... still later, R. Thomas (see Lwoff 1953; Thomas 1993). It is now known that phages produced by lysogenic bacteria are of the temperate type and that part of the infected bacteria do not lyse but maintain the phage in a latent form called a prophage (lysogenic response). The prophage confers immunity ...
... still later, R. Thomas (see Lwoff 1953; Thomas 1993). It is now known that phages produced by lysogenic bacteria are of the temperate type and that part of the infected bacteria do not lyse but maintain the phage in a latent form called a prophage (lysogenic response). The prophage confers immunity ...
Virion-associated cholesterol is critical for the
... the infectivity of CD-treated virus in a MT2 cell line [37]. MT2 cells were maintained in RF10 [RPMI1640 (Gibco/BRL) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 2 mmol/l L-glutamine and 24 g/ml gentamicin]. HIV-1, with a luciferase reporter gene in place of the nef gene coding sequence within ...
... the infectivity of CD-treated virus in a MT2 cell line [37]. MT2 cells were maintained in RF10 [RPMI1640 (Gibco/BRL) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, 2 mmol/l L-glutamine and 24 g/ml gentamicin]. HIV-1, with a luciferase reporter gene in place of the nef gene coding sequence within ...
PAHO/WHO Regional Research Agenda related to Zika
... Since it was first detected in Brazil in 2015, the Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread rapidly to most of the subregions of the Americas. As of April 6, 2016, ZIKV autochthonous (acquired locally, in-country) transmission has been confirmed in 35 countries and territories of South America, Central America ...
... Since it was first detected in Brazil in 2015, the Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread rapidly to most of the subregions of the Americas. As of April 6, 2016, ZIKV autochthonous (acquired locally, in-country) transmission has been confirmed in 35 countries and territories of South America, Central America ...
A Current Overview of Two Viroids That Infect
... Australian isolates were composed by several sequence variants, confirming the quasi-species nature of the viroid, but the Chinese isolate consisted of a single variant indicating a low molecular variability for CSVd [22]. Comparative analyses of the nucleotide sequences of 117 CSVd sequence variant ...
... Australian isolates were composed by several sequence variants, confirming the quasi-species nature of the viroid, but the Chinese isolate consisted of a single variant indicating a low molecular variability for CSVd [22]. Comparative analyses of the nucleotide sequences of 117 CSVd sequence variant ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.