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What are vertebrates and invertebrates? CREATED BY DANIELLE RUFF CARTERSVILLE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL FIFTH GRADE Animals with a Backbone What do a giraffe and a snake have in common? List some differences THEY BOTH HAVE A BACKBONE! Vertebrate Scientists divide the animal kingdom into two large groups, based on the backbone. An animal with a backbone is a vertebrate. This term comes from a vertebrae---bones that make up a backbone. Vertebrates Mammals Have hair and produce milk for their young Birds Have feathers Reptiles Have scaly skin, most lay their eggs on land Amphibians Begin life in water, but the adults live on land Fish Have scales, live their entire life in water Vertebrates Animals without a backbone Vertebrates are the animals most familiar to us, but they are actually the smallest part of the animal kingdom. Most species of animals are invertebrates. An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates Invertebrates Sponges They live mostly in the oceans Worms Live on land Jellyfish, anemones, and coral Round worms, earth worms Mollusks Soft body animals Octopus and squid Some have shells Snails, clams, and oysters Invertebrates Echinoderms Have different shapes, and most have body parts in multiples of 5 Sea star, sand dollar, and sea urchins Arthropods Jointed legs, two or more body segments, skeletons on the outside of their bodies, shed its skeletons Crustaceans-sea creatures, many have claws, some have antennae Insects-six legs, three body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen) Crab, lobsters, and shrimp Beetles, mosquitos, butterflies, roaches, and bees Arachnids- eight legs Spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions Structure and Function When classifying living organisms, scientists look at both the structure and function. Structure is the form of a body part Function does is what a structure A wing, for example, is a structure. Its function is flight. Structure and Function Living organisms that aren’t closely related sometimes have body parts that perform the same function. However, the structures are usually different. For example, grasshoppers and frogs both jump by using powerful hind legs. Scientists who study the skeletons, joints, and muscles of grasshoppers and frogs observe that their legs are not constructed the same way at all. Because function can be misleading, scientists rely mostly on structure when classifying.
