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The Animal kingdom Animal diversity • Eagle (bird) and butterfly (insect) both have wings • Animals show diversity in body structures and function Classification of animals • Two main groups • Based on the absence or presence of backbone (vertebral column) • Invertebrates (animals without backbone) • Vertebrates (animals having backbone) Classification of animals Invertebrates Invertebrates • • • • Most animals on the Earth are invertebrates Do not have a backbone Do not have any bones in their body Sponge, spider, snail, jelly fish, worms Invertebrate Phyla • • • • • • • • Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Round worms Mollusks Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms Sponges • • • • • • Live in ocean Asymmetric body Tube-like body having small pores Sweeps water through pores into the tubes Special cells filter and digest food material Reproduce asexually (fragmentation) and sexually Cnidarians • • • • • Complex than sponges, invertebrates, live in oceans Body form medusa or polyp Cnidocytes (sting cells) Budding/ fragmentation Sexual reproduction Jelly fish Flatworms • • • • Simplest worms, live in water, damp soil, some are parasites More complex body, bilateral symmetry Head with eyespots Reproduce sexually or fragmentation (asexually) Tapeworm Planaria Roundworms • Invertebrates with coelom, bilaterally symmetrical • Fresh water, damp soil, parasites • Some eat other small organisms Ascaris Mollusks • • • • • Invertebrates, oceans, freshwater, land Specialized tissue “mantle” – secretes shell Some have muscular foot to move e.g. snails Others have tentacles e.g. squids Reproduce sexually Snail Oyester Annelids • Found in oceans and on land, bilateral symmetry • Segmented worms (repeated body segments) • Hermaphrodites (have both male & female sex organs in the same organism) Leech Earthworm Arthropods • Most diverse group, presence of exoskeleton, Water, air, land • Segmented body – head thorax, abdomen • Spider, bee, fly, mosquito, grasshopper, centipede, beetle, shrimp, cockroach, crab Echinoderms • Spiny skinned – exoskeleton having spines, live in ocean • Eat organic matter or other organisms Starfish Sea urchin Vertebrates Vertebrates • • • • • • Belong to phylum Chordata Notochord - develops into backbone Backbone – a column of several bones called as vertebrae Backbone is a part of endoskeleton Muscles are attached to bones – movement Divided into five groups – Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals • Live on land or in water • Herbivore, carnivore or omnivore • Separate genders (one gender per individual) Fish • • • • More than half of vertebrate species are fish Jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish Marine and freshwater Ectothermic Cartilaginous Jawless Bony fish Amphibians • • • • • • Water and land Require water to lay eggs As tadpole live in water Frogs, toads, salamanders Thin moist skin Ectothermic Frog Salamander Reptiles • • • • • Live on land, do not require water to lay eggs Crawling animals Turtles, alligators, snakes Reproduce sexually Ectothermic Birds • • • • • Some live on land, others in water, or both Flying birds and flight less birds Feathers – maintain temperature and flying Reproduce sexually Endothermic Parrots Penguin Pelican Mammals • Hair on body, external ears, produce milk • 3 types – monotreme (lay eggs), marsupials (pouched) and placental (fetus is connected to uterine wall through placenta) mammals • Reproduce sexually • Endotherms Lay eggs Pouched Placenta
