Download chapter 1 living things

Junior Certificate Science
Teacher: Ms. Shevlin
Laboratory Safety
• Can you think of any important safety rules
in the Science Laboratory?
Lab Safety Symbols
Chapter 2 Living Things
What do you know about living things?
Design a spider diagram to show what you
know about living things!
Chapter Objectives
• To define Biology
• To discuss what living things are made
from
• To define the word organism and give
examples
• To state the characteristics of living things
• To discuss each characteristic of living
things in detail
• To investigate the variety of living things
• To classify plants and animals and
examine some plants and animals.
• To introduce the terms vertebrate and
invertebrate and look at examples
• To discuss uses of plants and animals
• To define the term Animal Key and Plant
Key
• To design and use a simple plant and
animal key
• To carry out and write up an experiment to
investigate the variety of living things
Chapter 2: Living Things
• Biology is the study of living things e.g.
plants, animals, fungi, bacteria
• An organism is another name for a living
thing.
• Living things are made of cells
• Living things have the following seven
characteristics:
– nutrition
– respiration
– excretion
– growth
– reproduction
MRS NERG
– movement
– response/sensitivity.
1.Characteristics
Nutrition
of Living Things
Nutrition is the way in which living things get
and use their food.
Plants make their own
food (photosynthesis)
Animals get their food from eating plants or
other animals.
2.Characteristics
Respiration
of Living Things
Respiration is the way living things get
energy.
Organisms need energy for growth,
movement and activities.
Food + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water
3.Characteristics
Excretion
of Living Things
Excretion is the getting rid of the wastes that
are made in cells.
Animals excrete water, salts, carbon dioxide
4. Growth
All living things grow
Living things grow because their cells are
able to divide and make new copies of
themselves.
5. Reproduction
Reproduction is being able to produce new
individuals of the same kind.
6. Movement
All living things can move.
7. Response/sensitivity
All living things need to be aware of changes
in their surroundings and react to these
changes.
Response is the ability to react changes in
the environment.
Classifying Animals and Plants
• There are two main groups of organisms
a) Plants
b) Animals
Uses of Plants
1. Food
2. Shelter
• Animals can be divided into two groups:
• A) Vertebrates – animals with a back bone
e.g. humans, frogs, fish, lizards, birds
b) Invertebrates – animals that have no
backbone e.g. earthworm, insects,
spiders, snails, jellyfish, crabs.
• Uses of Animals
1. Food
2. Provide materials to make things e.g.
wool and leather
• Animals and plants are identified by using
keys.
• Keys ask questions about the parts of
plants and animals to allow us to identify
them.
• The main differences between animals
and plants are:
– Animals move from place to place but plants
do not.
– Animals take in food but plants make their
own food.
– Animal cells do not have a cell wall but plant
cells do have a cell wall.
• Invertebrates are animals that do not have
backbones.
• Vertebrates are animals that have a
backbone.
• Living things can
be identified and
named using keys.