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Invertebrates Vs. Vertebrates Classifying Animals What are Invertebrates like? • Nearly 95 out of every 100 animals are invertebrates. • 8 invertebrate phyla – Mollusks – Sponges – Cnidarians – Echinoderms – Flatworms – Roundworms – Segmented worms – Arthropods Arthropods- largest invertebrate phylum • Scientist think there are more than a million arthropod species! • Characteristics: Arthropods have…. – Jointed legs – Body parts divided into sections – Breath with gills or an open-tube breathing system. – hard exoskeleton for protection 4 Main Arthropod Classes • Arachnids • 4 pairs of legs • 2-section body • up to 8 eyes • Crustaceans • Centipedes and millipedes • Insects • 3 pairs of legs • 3 body parts: (head, thorax, abdomen) Classifying Vertebrates • Vertebrates can be classified into two groups using this characteristic: Cold-blooded Warm-blooded These animals get heat from outside their bodies. The body temperature changes with the temperature of its surroundings. The body temperature does not change much. They use energy from food to keep a constant temperature. **If the outside temps change, so does its body temperature. **Cold air temperature means cold body temperature. **If body temp changes much, this could mean sickness (like a fever for humans). Reptiles cold-blooded vertebrate dry, scaly skin lays eggs strong, waterproof skin many have four legs, but some have none breathes with lungs can live in many environments, both dry and wet frog Amphibians vertebrate most have 4 legs breathe through lungs, skin, and gills during different parts of life toad life cycle includes larva stage (tadpoles) salamander cold-blooded moist skin All amphibians live near water so their skin won’t dry out. Frogs spend half their lives in lays eggs; usually in a jelly-like mass in water water and half on land. Fish lays eggs in water cold-blooded vertebrate covered by scales some species only live in freshwater (rivers, lakes) and some only live in saltwater (ocean) life cycle includes larva stage eyes usually on side of head breathes through gills have fins and streamlined bodies to help the glide through water warm-blooded vertebrate have waterproof feathers Birds live on land; found in all environments lay hard-shelled eggs breathe with lungs and have air sacs all birds have wings and beaks hollow bones allow birds to fly not all birds can fly Mammals warm-blooded vertebrate most have body hair or fur breathe through lungs large, well-developed brains reproduce by live birth nurse their young with milk different kinds of teeth for eating different foods most live on land Some Tricky Classifications to Think About A fish? A bird? Really? A mammal? How can whales, dolphins, bats, and the famous duckbill platypus be classified as mammals?
