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Download Homeostasis, Osmosis, Transport Unit 6 – Chapter 5
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Transcript
Homeostasis, Osmosis, Transport Unit 6 – Chapter 5 Diffusion Through Cell Boundaries All living cells need a _________________ environment to survive! The cell membrane helps organisms maintain _____________________________ by controlling what substances enter or leave the cell To remain alive, cells must maintain ________________________. Cells maintain this balance (homeostasis) in response to their immediate environment Types of Cellular Transport Passive Transport cell __________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Active Transport cell __________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ 3 Types of Passive Transport Diffusion – _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ Osmosis – __________________________________________ Facilitated Diffusion – ____________________________________________________ Diffusion The Dye = Solute Water= Solvent (In cells, water is always the Solvent). Law of Diffusion Substances ALWAYS diffuse from ______________ to ________________ concentrations. This fact is key to understanding much of this chapter. This is called ___________________________________________. Osmosis Osmosis is the name for an important type of diffusion. It is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________. Too much water in or out of the cell can become a problem. Osmosis Osmosis – water moves from high to low concentration Water passes easily across membranes Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a_________________________________________ Osmosis exerts a pressure known as osmotic pressure on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane Solutions The relative concentrations of solutions to one another inside/outside of the cell can lead to 3 different situations. These situations are known as: 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ ** The next few slides will illustrate how these situations affect the cell. Isotonic Solute concentration is ___________. Hypertonic Solute concentration is __________________________________________ of the cell Remember, hypertonic, the cell _________________ The shrinking of cells is called ___________________ Hypotonic Solution concentration is greater ____________________________________ the cell Remember, hypotonic, the cell POPS!!! • The bursting of cells is called ____________________ How Single Celled Critters Deal with Osmosis Unicellular organisms in hypotonic environments need to get rid of the excess water that diffuses into them _____________________ are organelles that collect water and pump it out of the cell (uses energy) How Multi-celled Critters Deal with Osmosis Other cells (especially in multicellular organisms) respond to a hypotonic environment by pumping solutes out of the cytoplasm Water molecules are less likely to diffuse into the cell Types of Passive Transport (How cells transport materials in/out of themselves) – NO CELL ENERGY REQUIRED 1. Osmosis 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Ion Channels **Refer to the next 2 slides. Facilitated Diffusion Some molecules cannot diffuse through the cell membrane because they are: _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ These molecules are helped across the membrane by __________________________ The carrier proteins __________________________________________ The molecule is passed through the membrane (either in or out) No cellular energy is used, so it is still ________________________ Diffusion Through Ion Channel Ions such as sodium _____________ _____________ _____________ are important for cell functions 4. Since they are _____________ they will ________________________________________ Diffusion Through Ion Channels… 5. Ion channels provide ___________________________________________________________ Each type of ion channel is usually ________________________________________ Some channels are always open, some are gated The gates respond to three stimuli: Stretching of the cell membrane Electrical signals Chemicals in the cytosol or external environment No energy is used, so it is still passive transport Active Transport – ( _________________________________________ ) – ____________________ _______________________ 1. Pumps in the cell membrane – __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________. Ex.) Sodium/Potassium Pump. 2. Endocytosis – _______________________________________. Cell wraps its membrane around the large molecule. This requires the cell to spend energy. 3. Exocytosis – ________________________________. Cell membrane changes its shape to push molecule out of cell. This requires cell energy. ***See pages 101 to 104 in book.
