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SW Jemez Mountains CFLRP: Monitoring Pest and Beneficial Invertebrates Mark Ward, Entomologist Valles Caldera National Preserve Monitoring Objectives Forest Landscape Restoration Act (PL 11111, Sec. 4003(c)), the natural resources monitoring program objectives are: (1) contribute toward the restoration of the structure and composition of pre-firesuppression old growth stands (2) reduce the risk of uncharacteristic wildfire, and/or maintain or re-establish natural fire regimes (3) improve fish and wildlife habitat, including endangered, threatened and sensitive species (4) maintain or improve water quality and watershed function (5) prevent, remediate, or control invasions of exotic species SW Jemez Mountains CFLRP Restoration treatments should: • Increase resistance of tree species to insect pest attacks • Increase the resilience of forests by increasing species richness, diversity, and relative abundances of beneficial invertebrates Monitoring activities for pest and beneficial terrestrial invertebrates: 1. Forest pest insect outbreaks 2. Effects on invertebrates after the Las Conchas fire 3. Paliza prescribed fire treatment Tony Barber http://www.polydesmida.info Mike Quinn Why monitor invertebrates? Sally King Sally King Deedee Sally King Ryan Eide Sharon Warner Patrick Edwin Moran “Invertebrates dominate every global ecosystem in terms of species richness, biomass, and ecological function” Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History www.bugguide.net M. Ward Tony Barber http://www.polydesmida.info Mike Quinn Why monitor invertebrates? They run the world! Sally King Sally King Deedee Sally King Ryan Eide Sharon Warner Patrick Edwin Moran Ecosystem Services Provided by Invertebrates • Diverse ecologies—herbivores, fungivores, detritivores, predators, parasitoids, carrion-feeders, etc. • Decomposition of plants and animals • Occupy all levels of the food chain • Food for other species • Natural predators on pest species • Pollination of native plants www.bugguide.net Tony Barber http://www.polydesmida.info Mike Quinn Why monitor invertebrates? They possess outstanding qualities for assessing ecosystem changes Sally King Sally King Deedee Sally King Ryan Eide Sharon Warner Patrick Edwin Moran Sampled in large numbers Rapid population turnover Rapid dispersal Photos: Sally King Tony Barber http://www.polydesmida.info Mike Quinn Why monitor invertebrates? Sally King Sally King Deedee Some species can cause damage to ecosystems Sally King Ryan Eide Sharon Warner Patrick Edwin Moran Monitoring forest insect pests Annual USFS aerial survey data Insect Pest # of acres/yr Western Spruce Budworm 10,205 Bark Beetles 761 Mohawk Ridge, VCNP, Sept 2012 Las Conchas Fire Valles Caldera National Preserve June 27, 2011 Monitoring: Effects of Las Conchas fire on invertebrates Photo: J. Dewar Ground-dwelling Invertebrates (2011-2014) 36 Pitfall Traps in 3 habitats MIXED-CONIFER PONDEROSA PINE GRASSLANDS Target Groups Grasshoppers/Crickets/Beetles Spiders/Mites (Dr. Sandra Brantley) Ants (Dr. Robin Verble) Millipedes (Dr. Michael Medrano) BURNED CONTROL Expected Outcomes 1. We expect to see significant differences in species composition and abundance in burned areas as compared to unburned areas. 2. We expect grassland invertebrate assemblages will recover from fire impacts relatively rapidly (1-3 years), whereas assemblages in severely burned forest habitats will take a much longer time to rebound. Grasshopper/Cricket Conclusions Grassland orthoptera species negatively impacted by wildfire recover relatively quickly. Species positively affected by wildfire (including one pest species) may persist at elevated levels for longer. Severely burned mixed-conifer forests appear to be transitioning into a grassland type habitat where grasshopper species are becoming more abundant and more diverse than in unburned mixed-conifer forests. Spider Conclusions 3 common families Wolf spiders (Lycosidae) Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae) Crab spiders (Thomisidae) Fire significantly reduced numbers in forest but not grassland sites. Abundance varied greatly in 2012 and 2013, showing weak but not significant trends away from the 2011 post-fire pattern (as analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling). Inter-annual variation is high in arthropod abundance; more time is needed to see if the trend becomes significant. Other disturbances, such as drought, may delay recovery. Monitoring the effects of the Paliza Prescribed Burn One season of pre-burn invertebrate monitoring data in Ponderosa Pine and Pinon-Juniper Habitats 2015 Monitoring 1. Fine tune techniques for monitoring forest insects pest in different treatments 2. Continue monitoring Las Conchas forested sites 3. Begin monitoring post-Paliza Rx Burn