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Exam Mon. Feb. 22 in Brown Lab, Academic Commons. Choice on 10 5-minute questions. Identify (who or what, where, when) and argue the significance Identify (who or what, where, when) and relate to specific trend mentioned (this form of question limits the type of significance to be discussed) All documents assigned mentioned in textbook or lecture are eligible. Civilizations to review. From Wiesner, only source 3 pp. 10-11, source 10 p, 13; source 3 pp. 32-35m and sources 4& 5 pp. 120-126 Brief coverage: Sumer-Ziggat at Ur (city Bible says was Abraham’s home) Epic of Gilgamesh Babylonian Kingdom Hammurabi 1700s BCE Influence of Mesopotamian civilizations and differences of polytheism, henotheism, and monotheism. Israelite monarchy-10th century BCE King Saul; King David, and King Solomon (golden age) 722 BCE north conquered by Assyrian 586 BCE south fell to Babylonians 3rd c BCE onward, ruled by Hellenistic empires 63 BCE onward, ruled by Rome Mycenaean 1600-1100 BCE (Greeks knew about through Homer, Greek gods and goddesses) Persian: Cyrus Persian Wars with Greece (490, 480-79 BCE) Alexander’s Invasion (335-332 BCE) Deeper coverage: Greek City-States Shared Greek culture 800-500 BCE. 776 BCE Olympic Games and calendar Greek colonies and trading posts including Paestum in Italian peninsula Hellenic Greek City-States (5th c.) such as Athens, Sparta, Olympia, Melos Golden Age of Athens between Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars (age of Pericles) Peloponnesian wars and impact on Athens Late Classical Greek City-States (early 4th c. BCE) Hellenistic Empire and 3 divisions Philosophical schools in Athens Roman Republic: Origins to 264 BCE Age of conquest 264-133 BCE Roman Revolution 133-27 BCE (Gracchi) End of Roman Republic and Founding of Roman Empire Roman Empire in Pax Romana 27BCE-192 C.E. art for Roman domination, Golden age Roman Empire in Crisis (192-284) Late Roman Empire (184-476 C.E.) Origins of Christianity : Hebrews (or Jews) within Roman Empire Followers of Jesus in first century Early Christians to Fathers of the Church especially Augustine Emperors Constantine, Theodosius, and Justinian; Pope Gregory Great Essay Exam Wed. Feb. 24 in Brown Lab, Academic Commons 1 45-minute essay question. There will be some choice. Instruction: Write a wellorganized essay. Each paragraph should have only 1 topical sentence supported by other sentences with very specific evidence of support. If question asks you to take a stand, argue your thesis; if essay asks you to consider alternative viewpoints, then give evidence on 2 or more interpretations. Textbook ch. 3 on. Possibilities for essay questions: The influence of one or two civilizations on another civilization. For example, influence of Hebrews and Romans on early Christians OR influence of Hellenistic Greeks and other conquered peoples on the Romans. The differences between two periods of the same civilization: especially Hellenic to Hellenistic in art and philosophy or Pax Romana to Roman Empire in Crisis or Roman Republic from founding of Senate to Roman Republic in time of Gracchi Three turning points in the history of Roman Republic and Empire Some questions addressed in lecture and class: Debate on when Rome began to decline and the factors leading to its decline. Characteristics of ancient Athens in 5th century BCE—to what extent was it democratic? its role in creating and transforming Delian League? Stages of Greek art: Archaic Greek, Hellenic Greek, Hellenistic (include Roman copies of these styles) Characteristics of ancient Hebrew culture that endured Transformations of Christianity during the Roman Empire Controversies concerning some ancient individuals: Socrates, Pericles, Carneades, Cornelia Gracchi and her sons, Augustus Relate to Greek polytheism and transformations by philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Zeno, Carneades)