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Classical and Medieval Europe Study Guide Vocabulary: 1. ___Serf__ - peasant laborer 2. ___Guild_ -worker’s organization during the Middle Ages 3. ___Charter_ - written agreement guaranteeing privileges and freedoms 4. __Manor___ - large feudal estate and basic economic unit 5. _Feudalism__ - medieval political and social system based on providing land for loyal service 6. _Vassal____ -noble in medieval society who swore loyalty to a lord in return for land 7. _Pope_____ - the leader of the Catholic Church 8. _Tenant____ - farmer of other who pays rent to another for the use of the land or property 9. _Emperor____ -an absolute ruler of Rome Athens and Sparta Reading: 10. The Greeks never united to form a single nation. Instead, they formed a number of _City___States__________. 11. _Athens___ became the city of trade and learning. 12. A great philosopher from Athens name Socrates__ was the first to encourage his pupils to search for truth and goodness. 13. _Plato_________ founded a school of philosophy and science in Athens. 14. “father of Greek science” _Aristotle______ 15. father of modern medicine” _Hippocrates_________ 16. “father of geometry” _Euclid__________ 17. Sparta______ was known for its warriors 18. _Alexander___ the___ _Great___ of Macedonia spread Greek culture to all parts of his empire. Classical Europe Reading: 19. _Classical___ __Europe______ is the term historians use to describe the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome. 20. The Greeks developed a form a government known as _democracy_, meaning “rule of the people” 21. Philosophy is the Greek term for “__love___ _of_ _wisdom________”. 22. In northern Egypt __Alexandria_ was the center of Alexander the Great’s empire. 23. The _Twelve___ _Tables___ formed the basis of Roman law and applied to all Roman citizens. 24. _Julius____ __Caesar___, a Roman general, tried to become an emperor but was killed by Senate supporters. 25. The first Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus, initiated a period of peace and prosperity knows as the _Pax__ __Romana_________. 26. _Christianity__ became the official religion of the Roman Empire under the emperors of Constantine I and Theodosius I. Medieval Europe Reading: 27. The Pope sent _missionaries_, teachers of Christianity, to every part of Europe to start schools and help people learn. 28. _Charlemagne__ became King of the Franks in 771 and created an empire known as the _Holy_ __Roman_ _Empire__. 29. Nobles and knights ran feudal estates known as _manors__ and these often included a castle. 30. During the Middle Ages, _towns__ became important centers for supplies, trade, and industry. 31. Young workers began as an _apprentices_ to learn a trade and joined a guild once they became more experienced. Greek Contributions The Manor Lords Nobles and Knights (Vassals) Tenants Serfs Roman Contributions Olympics Calendar Democracy Roads Theater, Arts Republic Education Concrete