Download AP BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW SHEET MRS TERHUNE

AP BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW SHEET
MRS TERHUNE
INTRODUCTION
- Levels of organization (cell to biosphere) and characteristics of life
- Evolution as a theme of biology
- 3 Domains and major characteristics and examples (Archaea, Bacteria,
Eukarya)
- Producers vs Consumers
- Producer to Tertiary Consumer in an energy pyramid (trophic levels)
CHEMISTRY
- Review the structure of water
- Properties of water
BIOCHEMISTRY
Biological
Macromolecule
Elements it Contains
Monomer Subunit
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
- Give examples of the above macromolecules
- What is the process that links monomers together? Breaks polymers apart?
- What is the difference between a monomer and polymer?
- What are steroids? Structure? Function? Examples?
THE CELL/TRANSPORT
Terms:
Organelle
Prokaryote
Selectively Permeable
Active transport
Hypertonic
Turgid
Flaccid
Eukaryote
Diffusion
Hypotonic
Endocytosis
Phospholipid Bilayer
Osmosis
Isotonic
Exocytosis
- Compound light microscope vs. Electron microscope
- Know the functions of the various organelles
- Endomembrane system (organelles involved)
- Know the major components of the cell membrane
- Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- Endosymbiotic theory and evolution
- Cell signaling (overview of signal transduction pathway)
- Importance of phosphorylation cascade in STP
-
Be able to discuss movement of water across a membrane when given
different solute concentrations
Osmosis (apply to given examples)
Difference between diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport
ENERGETICS
Terms:
Endergonic
Cellular Respiration
ATP Synthase
Active Site
Noncompetitive inhibition
-
Catabolic
Anabolic
ATP Synthase
Fermentation
Catalyst
Substrate
Competitive Inhibition
Denaturation
Discuss ADP/ATP cycle
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration (overall process, where each occurs)
Major purpose of glycolysis
Purpose of Krebs Cycle
Production of ATP in the ETC (oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis)
Process of light reactions
Process of light independent reactions
Difference between C3 and C4 plants
Compare and contrast photosynthesis with cellular respiration
Understand how enzymes work, their purpose, and factors that influence
enzyme activity
CELL DIVISION
Terms:
Somatic cells
Zygote
Interphase
-
Exergonic
Photosynthesis
Enzymes
Coenzyme
Activation Energy
gametes
haploid
mitosis
diploid
Cell cycle (G1, S, G2)
Cell cycle control (CDK and cyclin)
Cancer and cell cycle
Know the stages of mitosis and meiosis
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
Purpose of both
Crossing over (purpose and when it occurs)
Crossover frequency
cytokinesis
meiosis
GENETICS
Terms:
Heterozygous
Recessive
Incomplete Dominance
Nondisjunction
Epistasis
Homozygous
Allele
Sex-linked
Pedigree
Dominant
Codominance
Wildtype/Mutant
Trisomy/monosomy
-Be familiar with probability (rule of multiplication and addition)
- Know how to complete different types of crosses (monohybrid, incomplete
dominance, codominance , sex-linked
- Be able to interpret a pedigree
- What does a karyotype show?
DNA and GENE EXPRESSION
Terms:
Double helix
Compliment/Template
Nucleotide
DNA polymerase
Leading/Lagging strand
Helicase
Translation
Triplet codon
RNA Splicing
Anticodons
-
Basic explanation of DNA structure
Basic explanation of DNA replication (leading and lagging strand, enzymes
invovled)
Process and purpose of transcription and translation (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
Types of mutations and effect on protein
Mutation and evolution
How can comparing amino acid sequences clue us in to evolution?
How does gene expression differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Terms:
Plasmid
Recombinant DNA
DNA ligase
Transformation
Gel Electrophoresis Reverse transcriptase (cDNA)
-
Chargaff’s Rule
Ligase
Transcription
Introns and Exons
Promoter
Restriction Enzymes
PCR
Explain process of recombinant DNA with plasmids
Have an understanding of antibiotic resistance plasmid lab
Purpose and use of PCR and Gel Electrophoresis
Themes: (5 of them)
Evolution, Levels of organization, Regulation, Structure and function, AND
Unity & Diversity