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Course Name:
Biochemistry
Course Description
The Faculty of Pharmacy offers two biochemistry courses to satisfy the needs of the
Pharmacy students in this area. The first course covers the area of metabolism and
biosynthesis of the biological molecules. The two courses have common aims and
objectives.
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Aims
To provide the student with a thorough knowledge to help in understanding
the biochemical processes taking place in the cell.
To show how the different biochemical pathways of the cell are coordinated to
control the cell and how the biochemical processes of the body are regulated
through the integration of the activity of the different cell communities.
To show the influence of drugs on the biochemistry of the cell.
General Objectives
The student should:
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Have the knowledge of the structure of the biological molecules.
Have the knowledge of relating to the structure of the biomolecules to
their function in the cell.
Have the knowledge of the interactions of the biological molecules.
Have an understanding of the relation of the structure of biological
molecules and their function and interaction with each other.
Have an appreciation of the integration between the biochemical
pathways.
Have an appreciation of the biochemical regulation mechanisms within
and between cells.
Course Name:
Course Number:
Credit Hours:
Biochemistry -I
700231
3 Hrs. ( 2 Lect. + 2 Pract. )
Course Contents
Lectures:
1-
Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates. Chirality in
carbohydrate chemistry. Structure and properties of trioses, tetroses, pentoses
and hexoses. The structure of glucose in the open chain and ring structure.
Physical, chemical properties and function of the monosaccharides of
monosaccharides.
(3 hr)
2-
Amino acids and proteins: Classification and chemical structure of
amino acids. Chemistry of amino acids and the peptide bond formatin. The
polypeptide chain, reactions of amino terminal of and carboxyl terminal of
polypeptide chain.
(3 hr)
Primary structure of proteins. The elements of the secondary structure of
proteins. A-helix, b-pleated sheet, occurrence of secondary structure in proteins.
Tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins and forces that maintain it.
Structure and function of some specific proteins.
(3 hr)
3-
Enzymes: Nature and general properties of enzymes. Classification of
enzymes. Active sites and binding of substrates. Factors affecting enzyme
catalysis. Introduction of enzyme kinetics. Allosteric enzymes.
(3 hr)
Mode of action of some specific enzymes (ribonuclease, alcohol
dehydrogenase, serine proteases). Vitamins as cofactors of enzymes. Enzymes
inhibition and drugs as enzyme inhibitors.
(2 hr)
4-
Nucleic acids: Components and organization of nucleic acids.
Nucleosides and nucleotides. Structure of RNA and DNA.
(2 hr)
Stability of nucleic acids. Nucleic acid double helices, folding of singlestranded nucleic acids. Denaturation and renaturation of nucleic acids. Types
of RNA. The nature of the gene. Chromosome structure and histones.
(3 hr)
5-
Lipids: Classification and nomenclature of lipids. Chemical structure,
physical and chemical properties of fatty acids. Acyl glycerols, Waxes,
phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Glycolipids. Glyceryl ethers. Terpenoids and
sterols. Membrane lipids. Function of lipids.
(3 hr)
Course Name:
Course Number:
Credit Hours:
Biochemistry -II
700232
3 Hrs. ( 2 Lect. + 2 Pract. )
Course Contents
Lectures:
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Metabolism and biochemical energetics Free energy, enthalpy and
entropy. The central role of adenosine triphosphate. Glycolysis and alcohol
fermentation. The energy yielding phase of Glycolysis, production of ATP.
(3 hr)
Glycogen metabolism. Inter-conversion of hexosemonophosphates.
Biosynthetic role of Glycolysis. The phosphate pathway.
(2 hr)
The tricarbxylic acid cycle, energies of glucose oxidation, osication of pyruvate
and the citric acid cycle, regulationof the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
(2 hr)
Lipid metabolism, the fate of dietary lipids, lipid metabolism in the liver.
Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Formation of ketone bodies.
(2 hr)
Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanism of oxidative
phosphorylation. Energetics of oxidative phosphorylation.
(2 hr)
The metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen containing compounds. Amino acid
biosynthesis in animals. Anabolic aspects of amino acid metabolism.
Catabolism of amino acids the metabolic fate of amino acids. The urea cycle.
(2 hr)
Amino acids as precursors of other compounds, Porphyrin biosynthesis, Purine
biosynthesis, pyrimidine biosynthesis, synthesis of diphosphates and
triphosphates. Formatin of deoxyribotides.
(2 hr)
2-
Biosynthesis of macromolecules: The central dogma. DNA replication.
The biosynthesis of RNA. The transcription and post-transcription
modifications to RNA.
(2 hr)
Protein biosynthesis (the translation process). Regulation of protein synthesis.
Post translation modification. Mutation.
3-
Biochemistry of extracellular and itracelluar communication:
membrane structure and function. The biochemical action of hormone.
(3 hr)
Text Books
1-
Conn E.E. Stumpf, P.K., Bruening, G and Doi, R.H. 1991. Outlines of
Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons Inc. N.Y. New York, USA
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Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K. Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. 1996.
Harper's Biochemistry. Prentice Hall Inc. Standford, Connecticut, USA
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Voet D. and Voet, J.G. 1990. John Wiley and Sons Inc., N.Y. New York,
USA
Course Name:
Course Number:
Credit Hours:
General Biochemistry for non-Pharmacy students
700236
4 Hrs. ( 3 Lect. + 2 Pract. )
Course Contents
The Course covers the chemical structure and biological function of
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Emphasis is made on
biochemical energetics and intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids
and amino acids. Biosynthesis of biological macromolecules and introduction
to enzyme chemistry are also covered.
Practicals
The laboratory part of the course deals with the qualitative analysis of
sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, proteins and lipids. Chemical reactions
are also used for the quantitative determination of biomolecules.
Main Text Book:
Basic Medical Biochemistry, A Clinical Approach 1996
Editors Dawn B. Marks, Allen D. Marks, Colleen M. Smith
Publisher, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Additional Reference:
1. Biochemistry, A Concise text for medical Students (1996) Editors:D.K. App, .B.
Cohen, C.M.Steel, Publisher Bailliere Tindall, London, UK
2. Text book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations Editor: Thomas M. Devlin,
Publisher A.Jhon Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA
3. Harper's Biochemistry, Editors: Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A.
Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell (1999), Pub. Appleton & Lange, A Simon and Shuster
Company, Stanford, Conneticut, USA