Download Test 1 Notecards

Test 1 Notecards
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Biology: the study of living things and their surroundings.
Hypothesis: must be proposed in a way that can be tested; they may arise from
prior knowledge, logical inferences, and imaginative guesses.
Theory: well-tested explanation for a set of observations; it may be revised or
replaced.
Law: statement of fact explaining phenomena; universally accepted.
Control: something that is kept the same during an experiment.
Variable: something that changes during an experiment.
 Independent variable: the factor that is deliberately changed in an
experiment; what you are testing.
 Dependent variable: the factor that changes in response to the independent
variable; what you are measuring.
Controlled experiment: allows the scientist to test a single variable while all other
factors are kept the same.
Characteristics of Life: Metabolism, Reproduction, Evolution (adaptation),
Response to Stimulus, Genetic Material, Homeostasis, cells, growth and
development
pH: acids = 0-6, neutral = 7, base = 8-14; buffer helps to maintain homeostasis
Organic compounds: contain carbon; include lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates,
and proteins.
Lipids: made of glycerol and fatty acids; include fats, oils, and waxes; found in
membranes; used to store energy.
Nucleic acids: transmit genetic information; made of nucleotides; include RNA
and DNA.
Carbohydrates: provide energy; made of monosaccharides (simple sugars);
include starch and sugars.
Proteins: regulate cell processes; made of amino acids; include enzymes.
Enzymes: proteins which act as biological catalysts, speeding up the rate of
reactions, by lowering the activation energy; extremely specific; affected by
temperature and pH.