Download Final

BI 200 – 2nd Exam
Summer 2004
Name
Lab Section
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., True or False).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit. All questions 1 point unless indicated otherwise.
Your score will be your % correct.
True/False. Indicate the validity of these statements by writing the whole word TRUE or
the whole word FALSE before each of these statements. 1 point each.
__________ Enzymes are catalysts made of polysaccharides.
__________ Enzymes are neither consumed nor produced during the course of a
reaction.
__________ In an oxidation-reduction reaction electrons are transferred from the
reduced form of one couple to the oxidized form of a more negative
couple.
__________ Chlorophyll contains Mg, while cytochromes contain Fe.
__________ Bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll differ slightly in their structure, but
absorb very different types of light.
__________ Heterocysts are specialized cells in cyanobacteria that are involved in CO2
fixation.
__________ Coenzyme A is involved with transfer of carbon atoms, while NAD+ is
involved in electron transfer.
__________ The net result of proton extrusion through the membrane is acidification of
the medium.
__________ Metabolism involves two basic kinds of chemical transformations, building
up (biosynthetic) processes, called anabolism, and breaking down
processes, called catabolism, which usually result in energy release.
__________ When sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce SO42- to H2S, this is called
assimilatory sulfate-reduction.
Matching. Match the structure or
enzyme on the right to the description on
the left that is most appropriate. There is
only one best answer. 1 point each
A. Carboxysome
________ Disc-like membrane
structures found in cyanobacteria and
chloroplasts
B. Grana
C. APS
________ Substrate oxidation enzyme in
Nitrosomonas
________ Photosynthetic pigment in
Halobacterium halobium
D. Bacteriorhodopsin
E. Rusticyanin
F. Ammonium monooxygenase
________ Fluorescent cofactor in
Methanogens
________ Key enzyme in the reductive
stage of fermentation by yeast
G. Menaquinone
H. Hydrogenase
I. Alcohol dehydrogenase
________ Adenylated intermediate of
sulfate reduction
________ Alternative electron carrier
that replaces ubiquinone in iron reducers
________ Membrane bound sack rich in
the RuBisCo enzyme.
________ Substrate oxidation enzyme in
Thiobacillus ferroxidans
________ 2H+ + 2 e-  H2
J. F420
Complete the following narrative by circling the word or phrase in each (boldface) that
most accurately completes the statement. (1 point each).
There are two distinct ways microorganisms, and all other cellular beings, synthesize
ATP. These are Substrate Level Phosphorylation, abbreviated SLP, and Electron
Transport Phosphorylation, abbreviated ETP, which is also known as oxidative
phosphorylation. (ETP, SLP) is a means of forming ATP by creating high energy
phosphorylated intermediates and then transferring the phosphate group to ADP. (ETP,
SLP) is a means of forming ATP by creating a proton gradient and synthesizing ATP
with the enzyme ATPase. An example of a high energy phosphorylated intermediate
would be (succinyl-CoA, NADH, bisphosphoglycerate). During the fermentation of
glucose to lactic acid, there are a net (2, 4, 38) ATP formed. In the glycolysis portion,
glucose is converted to pyruvate, and ATP is formed by (ETP, SLP, both ETP and
SLP, neither ETP nor SLP). In the reductive step when pyruvate is reduced to lactic
acid (ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP, neither ETP nor SLP) occurs. In aerobic
respiration of glucose and O2 to CO2 and water there are a net (2, 4, 38) ATP formed by
(ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP). After glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to CO2 by the
Krebs Cycle, and two more ATP are formed by (ETP, SLP, both ETP and SLP). The
high energy phosphorylated intermediate created is (NADH, GTP, Acetyl-CoA).
Electrons carried by (NADH, Coenzyme A, ATP) are then passed along a series
intermediates to O2 and a proton gradient formed. Energy stored in the proton gradient is
converted to ATP by the enzyme (Aldolase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, ATPase,
Hydrogenase). Membranes and cytochromes are indicative of (ETP, SLP, both ETP
and SLP, neither ETP nor SLP).
Place a genus name in the blank space
that matches the clue or description
given (1 point each). There may be
more than one correct answer, but put
only one answer (no multiple guesses).
N. _____________________. A green
photosynthetic bacterium
A. _____________________. Any
phototroph
P. _____________________.
Responsible for acid mine drainage.
B. _____________________. Any
lithotroph.
Q. _____________________. Your
favorite microbe.
C. _____________________. Carries
out ethanol fermentation.
R. _____________________. Your
least favorite microbe.
D. _____________________.
Responsible for denitrification.
Alcaligenes
Anabena
Aquifex
Beggiatoa
Chlamydomonas
Chlorobium
Chloroflexus
Chromatium
Desulfovibrio
Desulfuromonas
Escherichia
Fisherella
Gallionella
Geobacter
Halobacterium
Hydrogenobacter
Lactobacillus
Lactococcus
Leptothrix
Methanosarcina
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Oscillatoria
Paracoccus
Pseudomonas
Rhodospirillum
Saccharomyces
Streptococcus
Spirogyra
Sulfolobus
Thiobacillus
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Zymomonas
E. _____________________. Any
archaea.
F. _____________________. A sulfuroxidizing bacterium or archaea.
G. _____________________. A
cyanobacterium.
H. _____________________. An ironreducing bacterium.
I. _____________________. A purple
sulfur bacterium
J. _____________________. Uses
hydrogen gas as fuel.
K. _____________________. Used to
prepare tequila.
L. _____________________. An
obligate anaerobe.
M. _____________________. Oxidizes
Fe2+ at neutral pH.
O. _____________________. Lives at
very high salt concentration.
Couple
H+/H2
NAD+/NADH
C2H4O2/CO2
CO2/ CH4
Fe3+/Fe2+
O2/H2O
Midpoint Potential
-0.41
-0.32
-0.29
-0.24
+0.77
+0.82
(1 point) Which couple is written incorrectly (that is the reduced member of the pair
written first)?
(2 points) Make an energy diagram for the following reaction:
Pyruvate + NADH  Lactate + NAD+
Indicate the substrates, the products, the change in energy, and the activation energy.
(1 point) What is the name of the enzyme that reduces the amount of activation energy
required in that particular reaction?
(2 points) Given the formula for lactic acid (C3H6O3) and pyruvate (C3H4O3), what is the
average charge on the carbon atoms in each molecule?
(2 points) H2 and CH4 are excellent fuels. Which would give more energy to support the
growth of aerobic bacteria? Why?
True or False (1 point each) Place the whole word True or the whole word False before
each of the following statements indicating their validity
___________ Transcription and translation are physically separated in eukaryotes.
___________ Eukaryotic genes contain non-coding regions called satellite DNA.
___________ Transcription is carried out by ribosomes
___________ RNA processing involves addition of 5’caps and 3’tails.
___________ Supercoiling in prokaryotes does not involve histone protein
___________ Operons are found in prokaryotes rather than eukaryotes
___________ Mutations are errors during translation
___________ Codons are normally larger than transposons
___________ Introns occur in prokaryotic genes.
___________ A theta structure occurs in a partially replicated eukaryotic chromosome.
___________ Complementary strands of DNA are identical in base composition
___________ The membrane of an enveloped virus is taken from the host cell
___________ BI 200 (micro) is harder than CH180 or CH185
___________ BI 200 is more fun than CH180 or CH185
Match the enzyme of DNA structural
feature on the right with the description
or item requested on the left. There are
more choices than items to consider, but
there is only one correct answer for each.
1 point each
_____ The enzyme responsible for
DNA replication
_____ The size of the prokaryotic
ribosome
_____ Has 2 α and 2 β subunits
_____ The ribosomal RNA molecule
used for studying evolution in bacteria
_____ The RNA polymerase sub unit
responsible for recognizing the
beginning of the operon
_____ Introduces supercoils in bacterial
chromosomes by making double strand
breaks
_____ Removes supercoils by breaking
a single strand
_____ Describes the fact that the strands
of DNA run in opposite directions
_____ The bases used in RNA
_____ The part of deoxyribose to which
the next nucleotide is added.
A. 16S rRNA
B. 2’ oxygen
C. 23S rRNA
D. 3’ hydroxyl
E. 5’ phosphate
F. 5S rRNA
G. 70S Ribosome
H. 80S Ribosome
I. Anti-parallel
J. Core enzyme
K. DNA Polymerase
L. G, C, A, T
M. G, C, A, U
N. Gyrase
O. RNA Polymerase
P. Sigma factor
Q. Topoisomerase I
Complete the following narrative by circling the word or phrase in each bold faced
parenthesis that most accurately completes the statement. (1 point each).
The study of variation in bacteria has several features that are distinct from the study of
genetics in eukaryotic organisms. Bacteria typically have (a single, two, multiple)
chromosome(s) that is(are) composed of (single stranded RNA, single stranded DNA,
double stranded DNA). There are (one, two) copies of the (linear, circular) molecule.
There may be additional small pieces of circular DNA called (introns, plasmids,
satellites) carrying accessory genes. The outward appearance of the organism, or
(genotype, karyotype, phenotype) is determined by which version of the particular gene
that is present. The different versions of the gene are called (heterozygotes, plasmids,
alleles). The normal looking individual is called the (wild type, mutant, marker).
Visible phenotypes studied in bacteria include colony pigmentation and texture, but
(selectable, differential, magic) markers involving fermentation of particular sugars are
often studied. Mutations in genes that confer the ability to grow, or not grow, under a
given set of conditions are called (selectable, differential) phenotypic markers. Bacteria
can often synthesize their own growth factors like amino acids, and are called
(chemotrophs, auxotrophs, prototrophs). Mutants unable to synthesize their own
growth factors are called (autotrophs, auxotrophs, prototrophs). Since bacteria
reproduce asexually all the members of a colony are genetically identical and referred to
(plasmids, clones, homozygotes). There are limited means of gene exchange in bacteria.
These include the transfer of free DNA called (transduction, translation,
transformation), transfer during mating called (conjugation, transduction,
competence), and gene transfer mediated by virus called (transduction, theta structure,
conjugation).
1 point each. Fill in the blank from the
viruses listed on this page. There may
be more than one correct answer, and
you may use an answer more than once,
but put only one answer for each.
_________________________________
A sexually transmitted disease that can
cause cervical cancer
_________________________________
Any bacteriophage
_________________________________
Exhibits an unusually wide range of
vertebrate hosts
_________________________________
Any icosohedral virus
_________________________________
Any disease caused by a prion
_________________________________
Any helical virus
_________________________________
Your favorite virus
_________________________________
Any enveloped virus
_________________________________
Your least favorite virus
_________________________________
Any complex virus
_________________________________
HIV is this type of virus
_________________________________
A temperate bacteriophage
_________________________________
Causes a lytic infection in bacteria
_________________________________
Causes a lytic infection in people
_________________________________
Poliovirus is an example of this type of
virus
_________________________________
Causes a persistant infection
_________________________________
The type of virus that causes SARS is
thought to be
_________________________________
Necessary for scarlet fever
, Beta
, lambda
, Epsilon
Adenovirus
BSE
Chronic wasting disease
Corona virus
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Ebola virus
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Herpesvirus
HIV
kuru
Lambda
M13
Mu
Orthomyxovirus
Papilloma virus (HPV)
Parvovirus
Picornavirus
Poxvirus
Retrovirus
Rhabdovirus
Rhinovirus
scrapie
T4
Which of the following bacteria is not normally competent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Escherichia
Bacillus
Streptococcus
Hemophilus
Which means of gene exchange among bacteria would be sensitive to the presence of the
enzyme Dnase in the medium?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Transduction
Transformation
Conjugation
All
None
Which means of gene exchange among bacteria could occur between different species of
bacteria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Transduction
Transformation
Conjugation
All
None
Plasmids may be functionally involved in all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
transduction
transfer of chromosome
synthesis of pili
transfer of drug resistance
conjugation
In conjugation, genes on plasmids are transferred in matings between:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
two F- strains
F+ and F- cells
two F+ strains
a and b
b and c
Which gene would not normally be found on a plasmid?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
bla gene for resistance to Penicillin
ori gene for origin of replication
mer gene for resistance to mercury
tra gene for conjugation
trp gene for tryptophan synthesis
The inability to synthesize a capsule is an example of
a. a visible phenotypic marker
b. a differential phenotypic marker
c. a selectable phenotypic marker
To isolate such a mutant would require
a.
b.
c.
d.
microscopic inspection of individual bacteria
plaque assay
media containing an antibiotic such as penicillin
inspection of colonies on plates
The inability to synthesize the amino tryptophan is an example of
a. a visible phenotypic marker
b. a differential phenotypic marker
c. a selectable phenotypic marker
To isolate such a mutant would require
a.
b.
c.
d.
microscopic inspection of individual bacteria
differential media such as EMB
replica plating on selective media with and without tryptophan
media containing an antibiotic such as penicillin
Which of the following might be the phenotypic and genotypic designation for a mutant
unable to synthesize the amino acid proline?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pro -; proA1
Pro+; proA1
Trp-; trpA1
Lac +; ProA1