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CGS Ground School Technical The Vigilant Electrical System © Crown Copyright 2012 No Part of this presentation may be reproduced without the permission of the issuing authority. The views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the MOD. TERMINOLOGY A/C – Alternating Current. With alternating current, the flow of electricity periodically reverses direction. D/C – Direct Current. With direct current, the flow of electricity is only in one direction. Alternator – An engine driven system whereby a magnet is rotated inside a wire coil. The alternator produces alternating current (A/C). Generator – This is simply an alternator fitted with a device called a rectifier. The rectifier converts the A/C output into D/C output. Circuit Breaker (c/b) – A circuit breaker is a device within an electrical circuit that can either be activated by the pilot ‘pulling’ it, or by the aircraft system ‘popping’ it. A c/b will be rated to a certain amperage, if this figure is exceeded the c/b will ‘pop’ and stand proud in its housing. Fuse – A device within a circuit similar to a c/b but a fuse can’t be reset. PARTS OF THE SYSTEM Main busbar The Vigilant electrical system +ve from has a number of load bus components: A generator fuse. This islinked ais50 Allstarter Three An A main mainswitch of engine these busbars: fuse. motor driven devices This Agenerator busbar isare a 40 a 12v 28a battery ampere circuit labelled viaprovide series ampere to an of electrical circuit conductors D/C.breaker breaker circuit. carrying ‘GENERATOR FUSE’. Despite all power‘MAIN labelled to or from FUSE’. a station. it’s namethe it isname actually Despite it is a circuit breaker is also referred to actually and a circuit breaker. as the Alternator c/b. - ve + ve 12 V GEN FUSE MAIN FUSE Avionics busbar -30 +30 Load busbar START UP Main busbar Although This With energises the engine this a The load busbar relay running looks which complex, the oil it provides electricity +ve from connects pressure operates very the to the generator load bus battery increases. simply. relay. to the main An oilthe pressure switch then circuit. With generator relay When the connects circuit to the energised, themain electricity from When thethe ignition key is turned, mainswitch is load busbar.motor the generator flows into the the started switched ‘ON’, is earthed and main circuit. turns part ofthe theengine circuit which then turns the generator. is earthed. GEN FUSE MAIN FUSE Avionics busbar -30 +30 Load busbar - ve + ve 12 V All these electrical TheofVigilant has threedevices busbars. are protected from Thefurther Main busbar. surges by independent The Avionics busbar. c/bs. The havebusbar. different ratings And c/bs the Load depending on what piece of The main busbar supplies equipment electricity tothey the:are protecting. BUSBARS Main busbar 5 1 5 Avionics busbar 1 5 5 1 1 Electric fuel pump Fuel quantity sensor Artificial horizon Outside air temp gauge Turn and slip indicator Instrument lights Engine instruments RPM Gauge The avionics busbar supplies electricity to the: Load busbar 5 2 When the engine is of switched To the testing the lights Allallow of these c/bs are located in off, the pressure switch during thisthe the oil footmaintenance, well underneath disconnects thebe link between the disconnect can by-passed by right hand instrument panel circuitswitch and the loadthe busbar. amain guarded under engine cowling. ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Radio ► Transponder The load busbar supplies electricity to the: 15 10 10 1 1 ► ► ► ► ► Strobe lights Landing lights Navigation lights Engine hours counter Generator relay MALFUNCTIONS Main busbar As such ammeter will Overvolting This thenthe disconnects the show a discharge the generator from theand main If the voltmeter reads above voltmeter a from circuit. will indicate +ve load bus 15v or thevoltage. ammeter indicates reducing The aircraft electrical above +20electrical amperesloads charge, Reducing circuit is now fed purely pull the alternator c/b will prolong the battery by the battery. (generator fuse). This is life. usually caused Switching off allby of the the failure of the will voltage on the lights haveregulator the generator. biggest effect. - ve + ve 12 V GEN FUSE MAIN FUSE Avionics busbar -30 +30 Load busbar MALFUNCTIONS Main busbar If the generator Undervolting c/b pops again c/b has or if it hadn’t popped ‘popped’, the aircraft initially, will If the voltmeter less alternator reads belt does +ve from reduce be usingthe battery electrical power than12v the ammeter snap, theorRPM gaugeload willbus loads (all lights in the first only. indicates -5the read zerobelow despite instance) and then land amperes Initially push charge, thenormally. c/b ensure back engine running as soon as practicable. the generator c/b is in. in. This could also be ONLY EVER RESET A caused by the alternator C/B ONCE belt snapping. - ve + ve 12 V GEN FUSE MAIN FUSE Avionics busbar -30 +30 Load busbar MALFUNCTIONS Main busbar Initiallyc/b Main reset the c/b. Be aware that if it has If ONLY the main EVER c/bRESET pops is from +ve popped again, none itofA trying C/B ONCE to protect the load bus the electrical services electrical components on provided by the land busbars, If it pops again, as the busbarthe against including radio, a soon as practicable. surge (more and thanthe 40 RPM transponder amps). gauge will work. GEN FUSE MAIN FUSE Avionics busbar -30 +30 Load busbar - ve + ve 12 V THE END Any Questions?