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AP: CHAPTER 14
MENDEL AND THE GENE IDEA
1. How does the “blending hypothesis” differ from the “particulate hypothesis” for the
transmission of traits?
2. List a few of the advantages of Mendel’s choice of the garden pea as a model
organism.
3. Use the diagram to label the generations: P, F1, F2, pure, hybrid, and make notes of
Mendel’s observations.
4. Define the Law of Segregation.
5. Using the diagram in Question 3, describe how the Law of Segregation applies to the
F1 and to the F2 generations.
6. When does the segregation of alleles occur?
7. What is the difference between an allele and a gene?
a. allele
b. gene
8. Briefly define the following terms:
a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c. phenotype
d. genotype
9. What is the purpose of a test cross?
10. When two traits are on different (non-homologous) chromosomes, how are they
inherited?
a. Indicate the phenotypic ratios that result in the F2 from the F1 cross (dihybrid cross)
11. Use the rules of probability to determine the expected ratio of offspring showing two
recessive traits in the trihybrid cross (PpYyRr X Ppyyrr).
12. Describe and give an example of incomplete dominance.
13. How does codominance compare to incomplete dominance?
14. How is blood type an example of multiple alleles?
15. Define and give an example of pleiotropy.
16. Define and give an example of epistasis.
17. What is observed when traits are polygenic?
18. The expression of phenotypes is often a result of both
19. Briefly describe each of the following genetic disorders:
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Tay-Sachs
c. Sickle cell anemia
d. Achondroplasia
e. Huntington’s disease
20. How can a parent learn the risks of having a child with a genetic disorder?