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Biology Study Guide DNA and RNA Chapter 12
Section 12-1
1. Use the following diagram to describe Griffith’s experiments and
his discovery of transformation.
2. Briefly describe how Avery discovered that the DNA stores and
transmits genetic information from one generation to the next.
Name _____________________________ Period _____
Class Notes:
3. Briefly describe the experiment that Hershey and Chase performed
and what they concluded.
4. What is Chargaff’s Rule?
5. What did Franklin and Watson and Crick discover about the
structure of DNA?
Section 12-2
6. Use the following diagram to describe the structure of eukaryotic
chromosomes.
Class Notes:
7. Use the following diagram to describe how DNA is replicated.
8. What is the purpose of genes?
9. Name the three types of RNA and the function of each.
Class Notes:
Section 12-3
10.Describe three main differences between DNA and RNA?
11. Use the following diagram to summarize transcription.
12. Explain the process of RNA editing. Use the terms intron and
exon.
Class Notes:
13. Messenger RNA is made of 4 different nucleotide bases. How
many nucleotide bases make up a codon?
14. How many amino acids does one codon specify?
15. Use the following diagram to summarize the process of
translation.
Class Notes:
16. Compare and contrast transcription and translation using the table
below.
Transcription
Translation
Type of RNA/s
used
Place where it
occurs
Product formed
Section 12-4
17. What are mutations and what is the difference between gene
mutations and chromosomal mutations?
18. What is a point mutation and what are three types of point
mutation?
Class notes:
19. What are frameshift mutations and why might they be so
detrimental?
20. Describe 4 types of chromosomal mutations.
Section 12-5
22. Define the term operon.
23. Under what circumstances does E. coli bacteria need to produce
the lac gene?
24. Under what circumstances does E. coli not need to produce the
lac gene?
Class Notes:
25. How is the lac gene turned on and off?
26. What is the function of the TATA box?
27. Eukaryotic gene regulation is much more complex than
prokaryotic gene regulation. Give an example of gene regulation in
eukaryotes.
28. What is cell differentiation and what genes control cell
differentiation during development?