ART OF COMPLAINING
... elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light. Main reason why the sky is blue. ...
... elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light. Main reason why the sky is blue. ...
Novel 3-D microscopy techniques - Purdue University Cytometry
... Effect of increased incident power on generation of signal. Samples of acidfucsin-stained monkey kidney were imaged at a depth of 60 µm into the sample by confocal (550 µW of 532-nm light) and by multiphoton (12 mW of 1047-nm light) microscopy. Laser intensities were adjusted to produce the same mea ...
... Effect of increased incident power on generation of signal. Samples of acidfucsin-stained monkey kidney were imaged at a depth of 60 µm into the sample by confocal (550 µW of 532-nm light) and by multiphoton (12 mW of 1047-nm light) microscopy. Laser intensities were adjusted to produce the same mea ...
Packet 2- Chemistry of Life
... C. Even exposure to different concentrations of ions can affect the shape of a protein. D. Binding with other substances can also affect the shape of a protein...(example: transporters!) 2. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions 3. Receptors are proteins that bind to signal molecu ...
... C. Even exposure to different concentrations of ions can affect the shape of a protein. D. Binding with other substances can also affect the shape of a protein...(example: transporters!) 2. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions 3. Receptors are proteins that bind to signal molecu ...
Chapter 3
... The multiplier, n, can be found if we know the overall molecular weight of the compound. LEP #6 ...
... The multiplier, n, can be found if we know the overall molecular weight of the compound. LEP #6 ...
12. CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY • Confocal microscopy can render
... and deeper penetration. The “spinning disk” confocal microscope was built upon an idea due to Nipkow (Nipkow, 1884). It was a rotating disk with perforated pinholes arranged in a spiral, such that the entire field of view is scanned upon one rotation of the disk, which allows fast acquisition rates ...
... and deeper penetration. The “spinning disk” confocal microscope was built upon an idea due to Nipkow (Nipkow, 1884). It was a rotating disk with perforated pinholes arranged in a spiral, such that the entire field of view is scanned upon one rotation of the disk, which allows fast acquisition rates ...
Lecture 3. Fluorescence microscopy I
... single Ex and Em wavelengths • A visible light excitable dye (488 nm), so Argon laser can be used. • Emission at 525 nm. • OK for qualitative detection but not quantitative. ...
... single Ex and Em wavelengths • A visible light excitable dye (488 nm), so Argon laser can be used. • Emission at 525 nm. • OK for qualitative detection but not quantitative. ...
Astyanax altiparanae - Sistema de Eventos
... moisture. For each stream portion a set of environmental descriptors were obtained. Fluorescence Fluorescence were perfomed at two excitation wavelengths: 360 e 405nm. For 360nm was used Ar+ laser using a Coherente Innova 308C and 405nm was a diode laser. A bifurcated optical fiber was used to condu ...
... moisture. For each stream portion a set of environmental descriptors were obtained. Fluorescence Fluorescence were perfomed at two excitation wavelengths: 360 e 405nm. For 360nm was used Ar+ laser using a Coherente Innova 308C and 405nm was a diode laser. A bifurcated optical fiber was used to condu ...
Light Scattering & Fluorescence
... • The correlation time tc is a measure of the time needed to diffuse a characteristic distance in solution – this distance is defined by the wavelength of light, the scattering angle and the optical properties of the solvent – ranges from 40 to 400 nm in typical systems • Values of tc can range from ...
... • The correlation time tc is a measure of the time needed to diffuse a characteristic distance in solution – this distance is defined by the wavelength of light, the scattering angle and the optical properties of the solvent – ranges from 40 to 400 nm in typical systems • Values of tc can range from ...
Chemical and Molecular Formulas PPT
... Q: How can two elements combine to form more than one chemical compound? A: Letters of the alphabet can be combined in many different ways to form words, the atoms of 2 or more elements can also be combined in different ways to form more than one type of compound • consider elements A&B: AB, A2B2, A ...
... Q: How can two elements combine to form more than one chemical compound? A: Letters of the alphabet can be combined in many different ways to form words, the atoms of 2 or more elements can also be combined in different ways to form more than one type of compound • consider elements A&B: AB, A2B2, A ...
Section 2.6
... • Atoms are the smallest representative sample of an element Building Blocks of Matter! • BUT- only the noble gases are found as isolated atoms • The rest exist as molecules or ions ...
... • Atoms are the smallest representative sample of an element Building Blocks of Matter! • BUT- only the noble gases are found as isolated atoms • The rest exist as molecules or ions ...
Study of the self-diffusion coefficient in the water
... Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ...
... Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ...
PROOF COPY 069543APL
... the superposition of two systems of fringes: one produced by the illumination wave fronts, and the other produced by the emission wave fronts. However, due to the weak interference signal produced by the emitted wave fronts, the phenomena observed in 4Pi microscopes are usually dominated by effects ...
... the superposition of two systems of fringes: one produced by the illumination wave fronts, and the other produced by the emission wave fronts. However, due to the weak interference signal produced by the emitted wave fronts, the phenomena observed in 4Pi microscopes are usually dominated by effects ...
Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy
... equilibrium, also known as "recombination," can involve both radiative and nonradiative processes. The amount of photoluminescence and its dependence on the level of photo-excitation and temperature are directly related to the dominant recombination process. ...
... equilibrium, also known as "recombination," can involve both radiative and nonradiative processes. The amount of photoluminescence and its dependence on the level of photo-excitation and temperature are directly related to the dominant recombination process. ...
FA15 Lec22 Diffusion
... Diffusion as a Random Walk 1-D case (first) Particle at x = 0 at t = 0 1.Assume equally likely to step to right as step to left. 2. Takes steps of length L every t seconds i.e. moving with velocity between collisions ±v (L = ±vt) R steps/sec; total of N steps [For now take v, t as constants : they a ...
... Diffusion as a Random Walk 1-D case (first) Particle at x = 0 at t = 0 1.Assume equally likely to step to right as step to left. 2. Takes steps of length L every t seconds i.e. moving with velocity between collisions ±v (L = ±vt) R steps/sec; total of N steps [For now take v, t as constants : they a ...
Fluorescence, Quenching, and Applications Thereof
... An excitation spectrum was obtained at 505nm Maximum peak intensity and differentiation was consistently observed at 368 and 432 nm ...
... An excitation spectrum was obtained at 505nm Maximum peak intensity and differentiation was consistently observed at 368 and 432 nm ...
Slides - Jung Y. Huang
... Rayleigh criterion Δz = 2 λ / (NA)2 (longitudinal resolution typically lower than transverse) 3. Ability to image through scattering medium Scattering leads to loss of contrast Scattering gets worse at shorter wavelengths ...
... Rayleigh criterion Δz = 2 λ / (NA)2 (longitudinal resolution typically lower than transverse) 3. Ability to image through scattering medium Scattering leads to loss of contrast Scattering gets worse at shorter wavelengths ...
V. Diffusion
... are not easily applied to non-equilibrium systems. However, there sometimes occur so-called quasi-steady states, where the diffusion process does not change in time, where classical results may locally apply. As the name suggests, this process is a not a true equilibrium since the system is still ev ...
... are not easily applied to non-equilibrium systems. However, there sometimes occur so-called quasi-steady states, where the diffusion process does not change in time, where classical results may locally apply. As the name suggests, this process is a not a true equilibrium since the system is still ev ...
Lumalive Evaluation Kit
... In order to achieve a better optical effect, and more closely blended pixels, a fabric with appreciable optical diffusion properties can be put on top of the display; Optical diffusion is the spreading out of light by a material. The amount of diffusion depends on the density, the structure and the ...
... In order to achieve a better optical effect, and more closely blended pixels, a fabric with appreciable optical diffusion properties can be put on top of the display; Optical diffusion is the spreading out of light by a material. The amount of diffusion depends on the density, the structure and the ...
A new method for measuring the diffusivity of liquid binary mixtures
... y as given by equation (1 1). It is possible to perform a fitting procedure between the experimental data pertaining to each skeletonized curve and equation (20). By this fitting we can find the parameter D. The fitting routine uses the method of least squares for non-linear functions (x'). This met ...
... y as given by equation (1 1). It is possible to perform a fitting procedure between the experimental data pertaining to each skeletonized curve and equation (20). By this fitting we can find the parameter D. The fitting routine uses the method of least squares for non-linear functions (x'). This met ...
excited states
... All terms except kf must be minimized to obtain a large fluorescent signal. Chemical structures that minimize one or more of the these rate constants increase the quantum yield. Structural rigidity: Decreases the chances of vibrational and rotational de-excitation (which we have called IC (internal ...
... All terms except kf must be minimized to obtain a large fluorescent signal. Chemical structures that minimize one or more of the these rate constants increase the quantum yield. Structural rigidity: Decreases the chances of vibrational and rotational de-excitation (which we have called IC (internal ...
DIFFUSION IN AN EXTERNAL POTENTIAL Here we consider
... DIFFUSION IN AN EXTERNAL POTENTIAL Here we consider diffusion in an external potential. This is an important issue in physical chemistry and biology. The external potential can be gravity in connection with sedimentation or the electric potential in connection with electrolytes etc. We also derive E ...
... DIFFUSION IN AN EXTERNAL POTENTIAL Here we consider diffusion in an external potential. This is an important issue in physical chemistry and biology. The external potential can be gravity in connection with sedimentation or the electric potential in connection with electrolytes etc. We also derive E ...
肖连团 - 山西大学
... spectrum recorded from a single molecule under an ultrafaint detected power of 550 photons per second, equivalent to an incident power of 600aW. ...
... spectrum recorded from a single molecule under an ultrafaint detected power of 550 photons per second, equivalent to an incident power of 600aW. ...
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... such as hygroscopicity, the activity of cloud condensation, the reactivity, the optical properties, etc. Aerosol particles consist of complex mixture of inorganic salts with hydrophilic and/or hygrophobic organic components which may evolved during their transportation into the atmosphere when they ...
... such as hygroscopicity, the activity of cloud condensation, the reactivity, the optical properties, etc. Aerosol particles consist of complex mixture of inorganic salts with hydrophilic and/or hygrophobic organic components which may evolved during their transportation into the atmosphere when they ...
39 Steps
... same number of exciting photons into a larger spot” This lowers the excitation intensity—the number of photons produced by a given molecule—and the fraction of these that are detected. It is often forgotten that normal signal levels in fluorescence confocal microscopy correspond to only 10–20 photon ...
... same number of exciting photons into a larger spot” This lowers the excitation intensity—the number of photons produced by a given molecule—and the fraction of these that are detected. It is often forgotten that normal signal levels in fluorescence confocal microscopy correspond to only 10–20 photon ...
B3 revision part 2
... • Villus – produce a large surface area, villi wall have folds (microvilli). Surface area of small intestine is approx 9 m2. • One cell thick, food does not have to far to diffuse into the blood • Good blood supply – means digested food is quickly taken away from villus so more can diffuse across to ...
... • Villus – produce a large surface area, villi wall have folds (microvilli). Surface area of small intestine is approx 9 m2. • One cell thick, food does not have to far to diffuse into the blood • Good blood supply – means digested food is quickly taken away from villus so more can diffuse across to ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.