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... constants.10 The light transport was modeled with a telegrapher equation, and a discontinuous-source model was used; the technique was applied to optically thin samples in a transmission geometry.11 Unfortunately, that model was exact only for the onedimensional case. Thus, so far, DLS has found li ...
... constants.10 The light transport was modeled with a telegrapher equation, and a discontinuous-source model was used; the technique was applied to optically thin samples in a transmission geometry.11 Unfortunately, that model was exact only for the onedimensional case. Thus, so far, DLS has found li ...
Imaging of single-chromophore molecules in aqueous
... Although this symposium is on multi-photon microscopy and its applications, the experiments reported in this paper use only single-photon induced fluorescence. (The paper was to be presented in a symposium on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single molecule methods, to be chaired by R. Rigl ...
... Although this symposium is on multi-photon microscopy and its applications, the experiments reported in this paper use only single-photon induced fluorescence. (The paper was to be presented in a symposium on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and single molecule methods, to be chaired by R. Rigl ...
Mixture Solution Notes
... are mixed but not combined chemically The chemical identities of the substances are not changed. ...
... are mixed but not combined chemically The chemical identities of the substances are not changed. ...
2. Movement In and Out of Cells
... through the lungs and into the bloodstream. The oxygen is then transported throughout the body. Carbon dioxide is the waste gas produced by respiration. Carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues into the bloodstream and is exhaled via the lungs. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? 12 of ...
... through the lungs and into the bloodstream. The oxygen is then transported throughout the body. Carbon dioxide is the waste gas produced by respiration. Carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues into the bloodstream and is exhaled via the lungs. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? 12 of ...
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... polarizer which is inserted in the common path for excitation and emission light. However, despite its simplicity, this approach has some disadvantages: 1) the excitation intensity may vary with rotation of a polarizer due to initial partially-polarized state of excitation light in the excitation op ...
... polarizer which is inserted in the common path for excitation and emission light. However, despite its simplicity, this approach has some disadvantages: 1) the excitation intensity may vary with rotation of a polarizer due to initial partially-polarized state of excitation light in the excitation op ...
Year 6 Science Animals incl. Humans – Block 6AH – The Art of
... and that water doesn’t need breaking down and moves between membranes in the body to arrive in the correct place, again via our blood through a diffusion process called osmosis (chn don’t need to know the scientific details of diffusion & osmosis, just that they are processes used to transport nutri ...
... and that water doesn’t need breaking down and moves between membranes in the body to arrive in the correct place, again via our blood through a diffusion process called osmosis (chn don’t need to know the scientific details of diffusion & osmosis, just that they are processes used to transport nutri ...
DYNAMICS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE OBSERVED UNDER THE
... rate of decrease reached 6 ms which was the smallest time resolved by our custom made CCD camera. Another form of response was a transient flash response immediately followed by disappearance as mentioned above (Figure 8). The flash was an increase in fluorescence intensity as well as in fluorescent ...
... rate of decrease reached 6 ms which was the smallest time resolved by our custom made CCD camera. Another form of response was a transient flash response immediately followed by disappearance as mentioned above (Figure 8). The flash was an increase in fluorescence intensity as well as in fluorescent ...
Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Microscopy - Spectra
... small volume within samples is certainly the key feature of TPM. It is demonstrated in Figure 2 by comparing the effect of one- and two-photon absorption on signal generation. The cuvette contains a solution of Rhodamine B in Methanol. The objective on the left is focusing 405 nm light from a CW dio ...
... small volume within samples is certainly the key feature of TPM. It is demonstrated in Figure 2 by comparing the effect of one- and two-photon absorption on signal generation. The cuvette contains a solution of Rhodamine B in Methanol. The objective on the left is focusing 405 nm light from a CW dio ...
Biology 177: Principles of Modern Microscopy
... tD is the fluorescence lifetime of the donor in the absence of FRET k2 is the dipole-dipole orientation factor, QD is the quantum yield of the donor in the absence of the acceptor is the refractive index of the intervening medium, FD (l) is the fluorescence emission intensity at a given wavelength ...
... tD is the fluorescence lifetime of the donor in the absence of FRET k2 is the dipole-dipole orientation factor, QD is the quantum yield of the donor in the absence of the acceptor is the refractive index of the intervening medium, FD (l) is the fluorescence emission intensity at a given wavelength ...
L30
... Electrons crossing the singlet state to the triplet state with a flipped spin can also follow one of three choices including returning to the singlet state (including a flip in spin), relax to ground state by internal or/and external conversion, or lose their energy as a photon (phosphorescence, Ph) ...
... Electrons crossing the singlet state to the triplet state with a flipped spin can also follow one of three choices including returning to the singlet state (including a flip in spin), relax to ground state by internal or/and external conversion, or lose their energy as a photon (phosphorescence, Ph) ...
Molar Relationships
... Avogadro’s Law • At STP, the amount of gas is directly proportional to the volume. Problem #1: Which of the following samples of gases occupies the largest volume, assuming that each sample is the same temp and pressure? 50.0 g Ne ...
... Avogadro’s Law • At STP, the amount of gas is directly proportional to the volume. Problem #1: Which of the following samples of gases occupies the largest volume, assuming that each sample is the same temp and pressure? 50.0 g Ne ...
Mole Powerpoint
... Avogadro’s Law • At STP, the amount of gas is directly proportional to the volume. Problem #1: Which of the following samples of gases occupies the largest volume, assuming that each sample is the same temp and pressure? 50.0 g Ne ...
... Avogadro’s Law • At STP, the amount of gas is directly proportional to the volume. Problem #1: Which of the following samples of gases occupies the largest volume, assuming that each sample is the same temp and pressure? 50.0 g Ne ...
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... multiple of the wavelength, and jDsj , lcoh , where lcoh is the coherence length of the source. In the present OPS conf iguration, Is corresponds to the ref lectance of a multiple-scattering medium. In LCI, only the class of waves that have traveled an optical distance that corresponds to the length ...
... multiple of the wavelength, and jDsj , lcoh , where lcoh is the coherence length of the source. In the present OPS conf iguration, Is corresponds to the ref lectance of a multiple-scattering medium. In LCI, only the class of waves that have traveled an optical distance that corresponds to the length ...
슬라이드 1
... • Flux (J) ≡ quantity transported /unit area and time • Jx = - D ∂c /dx (1D); Fick’s 1st law of diffusion • dJx = Jx+dx - Jx = - D [(∂) x+dx - (∂c/∂x) x] = - D (∂2c /∂x2) dx • ∂Jx /∂x = - D (∂2c /∂x2) • Influx – outflux = # molecules increase (decrease) in unit volume/sec = concentration /sec • ∂c/∂ ...
... • Flux (J) ≡ quantity transported /unit area and time • Jx = - D ∂c /dx (1D); Fick’s 1st law of diffusion • dJx = Jx+dx - Jx = - D [(∂) x+dx - (∂c/∂x) x] = - D (∂2c /∂x2) dx • ∂Jx /∂x = - D (∂2c /∂x2) • Influx – outflux = # molecules increase (decrease) in unit volume/sec = concentration /sec • ∂c/∂ ...
Wide-field extended-resolution fluorescence
... resolution enhancement has been demonstrated here, two-dimensional imaging with extendedresolution in both directions is also possible [9, 11]. We also compared the intensity of the fluorescent beads spread on the gold-coated coverslip under SPRF conditions as well as on the bare coverslip under TI ...
... resolution enhancement has been demonstrated here, two-dimensional imaging with extendedresolution in both directions is also possible [9, 11]. We also compared the intensity of the fluorescent beads spread on the gold-coated coverslip under SPRF conditions as well as on the bare coverslip under TI ...
Determination of the diffusion coefficient of sucrose in water and its
... k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature. There are several important assumptions implicit in equation (17). Two of these are that the solute is spherical, and considerably larger than the solvent molecules. Deviations from spherical geometry (such as oblate or prolate ellipsoid ...
... k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature. There are several important assumptions implicit in equation (17). Two of these are that the solute is spherical, and considerably larger than the solvent molecules. Deviations from spherical geometry (such as oblate or prolate ellipsoid ...
Bubble Dynamics in Double
... cence dequenching, consistent with measurements presented in [16]. To measure the opening-closing dynamics of dsDNA, we then carried out FCS measurements on the internally tagged constructs, with a setup and method introduced elsewhere [13]. The correlation functions Git t hI0Itit hI02 ...
... cence dequenching, consistent with measurements presented in [16]. To measure the opening-closing dynamics of dsDNA, we then carried out FCS measurements on the internally tagged constructs, with a setup and method introduced elsewhere [13]. The correlation functions Git t hI0Itit hI02 ...
super-resolved fluorescence microscopy
... This illusion was shattered by the experimental demonstration of fluctuations around the equilibrium state of a DNA-bound fluorescent dye (ethidium bromide). W. W. Webb, with his collaborators E. Elson and D. Magde, developed the technique of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and could use ...
... This illusion was shattered by the experimental demonstration of fluctuations around the equilibrium state of a DNA-bound fluorescent dye (ethidium bromide). W. W. Webb, with his collaborators E. Elson and D. Magde, developed the technique of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and could use ...
S U P E R -R E S O LV... Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014
... This illusion was shattered by the experimental demonstration of fluctuations around the equilibrium state of a DNA-bound fluorescent dye (ethidium bromide). W. W. Webb, with his collaborators E. Elson and D. Magde, developed the technique of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and could use ...
... This illusion was shattered by the experimental demonstration of fluctuations around the equilibrium state of a DNA-bound fluorescent dye (ethidium bromide). W. W. Webb, with his collaborators E. Elson and D. Magde, developed the technique of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and could use ...
Tip-Enhanced Fluorescence Microscopy at 10 Nanometer Resolution
... 50 nm by the penetration depth of light into the metal aperture. More recently, apertureless-NSOM (ANSOM) techniques were developed which leverage the strong enhancement of an externally applied optical field at the apex of a sharp tip for local excitation of the sample [1– 11]. The promised advanta ...
... 50 nm by the penetration depth of light into the metal aperture. More recently, apertureless-NSOM (ANSOM) techniques were developed which leverage the strong enhancement of an externally applied optical field at the apex of a sharp tip for local excitation of the sample [1– 11]. The promised advanta ...
Microscopy Basics
... • Can resolve differences in thickness down to about 2 nm • Small gradients of thickness give little contrast ...
... • Can resolve differences in thickness down to about 2 nm • Small gradients of thickness give little contrast ...
슬라이드 1
... • Flux (J) ≡ quantity transported /unit area and time • Jx = - D ∂c /dx (1D); Fick’s 1st law of diffusion • dJx = Jx+dx - Jx = - D [(∂) x+dx - (∂c/∂x) x] = - D (∂2c /∂x2) dx • ∂Jx /∂x = - D (∂2c /∂x2) • Influx – outflux = # molecules increase (decrease) in unit volume/sec = concentration /sec • ∂c/∂ ...
... • Flux (J) ≡ quantity transported /unit area and time • Jx = - D ∂c /dx (1D); Fick’s 1st law of diffusion • dJx = Jx+dx - Jx = - D [(∂) x+dx - (∂c/∂x) x] = - D (∂2c /∂x2) dx • ∂Jx /∂x = - D (∂2c /∂x2) • Influx – outflux = # molecules increase (decrease) in unit volume/sec = concentration /sec • ∂c/∂ ...
12. confocal microscopy.
... structures (background) give zero signal. However, practical issues related to dark signals in the detector, limited dynamic range, saturation, and out of focus light , lower the contrast. Still, fluorescence confocal microscopy offers a great tool for biological studies, especially cell biology, as ...
... structures (background) give zero signal. However, practical issues related to dark signals in the detector, limited dynamic range, saturation, and out of focus light , lower the contrast. Still, fluorescence confocal microscopy offers a great tool for biological studies, especially cell biology, as ...
Techniques to Improve 3D Optical Imaging
... animal thereby reducing the amount of tissue light propagates through. A direct comparison showing that compression increases signal levels is shown. Reconstructions for a compressed and uncompressed animal models will be shown co-registered to μCT data for cross validation. Sensitivity of fluoresce ...
... animal thereby reducing the amount of tissue light propagates through. A direct comparison showing that compression increases signal levels is shown. Reconstructions for a compressed and uncompressed animal models will be shown co-registered to μCT data for cross validation. Sensitivity of fluoresce ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.