Optimizing Fluorescence Signal Quality
... Fluorescence Yield: the efficiency with which fluorescence light is emitted for a given wavelength of excitation light. Fluorescence Ratio: the ratio of fluorescence light intensities detected from two different excitation wavelengths or two different emission wavelengths. Numerator: the fluorescenc ...
... Fluorescence Yield: the efficiency with which fluorescence light is emitted for a given wavelength of excitation light. Fluorescence Ratio: the ratio of fluorescence light intensities detected from two different excitation wavelengths or two different emission wavelengths. Numerator: the fluorescenc ...
Complex dielectric permittivity and Dipole correlation function
... and looks for the response μ j ( t ) of this dipole, averaged over the equilibrium ensemble of the entire sample in the presence of a small perturbing electric field, a field which is unaltered by the presence of the sample. The field must be small so that only terms linear in the field need be reta ...
... and looks for the response μ j ( t ) of this dipole, averaged over the equilibrium ensemble of the entire sample in the presence of a small perturbing electric field, a field which is unaltered by the presence of the sample. The field must be small so that only terms linear in the field need be reta ...
Research Plan
... anisotropic case. The angular-radial-tensor form correlations, which appear in the function are of high significance for the light intensity. One can calculate the angular-radial contribution impact on the integral intensity by expanding the correlation function in the set of spherical harmonics. Th ...
... anisotropic case. The angular-radial-tensor form correlations, which appear in the function are of high significance for the light intensity. One can calculate the angular-radial contribution impact on the integral intensity by expanding the correlation function in the set of spherical harmonics. Th ...
Limiting reactant - Dr. Gregory Chemistry
... given % composition ›Steps 1. Change % to grams 2. Convert grams to moles 3. Divide all moles by the smallest mole 4. Write empirical formula ...
... given % composition ›Steps 1. Change % to grams 2. Convert grams to moles 3. Divide all moles by the smallest mole 4. Write empirical formula ...
How does a confocal microscope work
... Imagine we have some lenses inside the microscope, that focus light from the focal point of one lens to another point. This is represented by the blue rays of light in the above picture. The red rays of light represent light from another point in the sample, which is not at the focal point of the le ...
... Imagine we have some lenses inside the microscope, that focus light from the focal point of one lens to another point. This is represented by the blue rays of light in the above picture. The red rays of light represent light from another point in the sample, which is not at the focal point of the le ...
University of Groningen Unraveling structure and dynamics by
... diffraction grating. The diffracted light is focused on the rear focal plane of the objective, and the resultant pattern can be viewed as the reciprocal image of the specimen.[3,6] Therefore, the diffraction pattern of a point object when highly magnified results in a central spot (diffraction disk) ...
... diffraction grating. The diffracted light is focused on the rear focal plane of the objective, and the resultant pattern can be viewed as the reciprocal image of the specimen.[3,6] Therefore, the diffraction pattern of a point object when highly magnified results in a central spot (diffraction disk) ...
CH332 Lab 4: FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME OF QUININE SULFATE
... Gutow, Jonathan H. J. Halide (Cl-) Quenching of Quinine Sulfate Fluorescence: A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Experiment for Physical ChemistryChem. Educ. 2005 82 302.) Instrument Details: Please note that we will be using the Quanta Master Instrument from PTI with a pulsed nano-LED as an excitation so ...
... Gutow, Jonathan H. J. Halide (Cl-) Quenching of Quinine Sulfate Fluorescence: A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Experiment for Physical ChemistryChem. Educ. 2005 82 302.) Instrument Details: Please note that we will be using the Quanta Master Instrument from PTI with a pulsed nano-LED as an excitation so ...
Advanced Microscopy
... 4.1.3 photothermal microscopy 4.1.4 STED microscopy below the diffraction limit 4.1.5 PALM/STORM detection techniques for super-resolution ...
... 4.1.3 photothermal microscopy 4.1.4 STED microscopy below the diffraction limit 4.1.5 PALM/STORM detection techniques for super-resolution ...
Measurement of the 4Pi-confocal point spread function proves 75
... Cambridge, England). The bead was scanned 1.5 pm along the optical axis and 0.8 pm in lateral direction. The smallest resolvable step of the stage was 10 nm, thus providing a high-precision measurement of the PSF. The confocal resolution was determined by using the 4Pi-confocal arrangement with the ...
... Cambridge, England). The bead was scanned 1.5 pm along the optical axis and 0.8 pm in lateral direction. The smallest resolvable step of the stage was 10 nm, thus providing a high-precision measurement of the PSF. The confocal resolution was determined by using the 4Pi-confocal arrangement with the ...
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... media. Experiments are performed in strongly scattering media with spatially separated static and dynamic components, and low resolution "dynamical" images of such media are obtained using autocorrelation measurements of the emerging speckle fields taken along the sample surface. Our analysis, based ...
... media. Experiments are performed in strongly scattering media with spatially separated static and dynamic components, and low resolution "dynamical" images of such media are obtained using autocorrelation measurements of the emerging speckle fields taken along the sample surface. Our analysis, based ...
Highly fluorescent silver/gold mixture quantum clusters showing
... n’s are the refractive indices with nx= 1.33 for water and ns=1.36 for ethanol. Quantum Yield of Rhodamine 6G in ethanol is taken to be 0.95. Briefly, series of diluted samples AuAgGSH in water and for Rhodamine 6G at known concentration between 10-4M and 10-8M were prepared and fluorescence excitat ...
... n’s are the refractive indices with nx= 1.33 for water and ns=1.36 for ethanol. Quantum Yield of Rhodamine 6G in ethanol is taken to be 0.95. Briefly, series of diluted samples AuAgGSH in water and for Rhodamine 6G at known concentration between 10-4M and 10-8M were prepared and fluorescence excitat ...
12Sept_Synergist Solutions article
... particles using focusing optics. The higher the concentration of particles, the higher the amount of light scattered from the particles. The resulting scattered light from the particles is collected by the collecting optics—an assembly of lenses or a mirror. The collecting optics transfer the colle ...
... particles using focusing optics. The higher the concentration of particles, the higher the amount of light scattered from the particles. The resulting scattered light from the particles is collected by the collecting optics—an assembly of lenses or a mirror. The collecting optics transfer the colle ...
unit_5 - Homework Market
... The reproductive system within all the samples are all considered sexual in one form or another. 2. What is common among organisms from samples 1, 9, and 10? Samples 1, 9, and 10 are autotrophic in nature. 3. What is common between the circulatory system of organisms from samples 5, 6, and 7, bu ...
... The reproductive system within all the samples are all considered sexual in one form or another. 2. What is common among organisms from samples 1, 9, and 10? Samples 1, 9, and 10 are autotrophic in nature. 3. What is common between the circulatory system of organisms from samples 5, 6, and 7, bu ...
Super-resolution Microscopy
... Abbe’s resolution criterion also does not impose a limit on the resolution when two closely spaced point sources are imaged at different times. That is, imagine two PSFs that cannot be otherwise distinguished but each is observed at a different time (Fig. 3D). This methodology of “sequential” imagin ...
... Abbe’s resolution criterion also does not impose a limit on the resolution when two closely spaced point sources are imaged at different times. That is, imagine two PSFs that cannot be otherwise distinguished but each is observed at a different time (Fig. 3D). This methodology of “sequential” imagin ...
A light scattering study of non equilibrium fluctuations
... and the relaxation time scale is short compared to the measurement time, the ensemble average of the power spectrum can be obtained by calculating the time average. For isotropic scattering, additional statistical accuracy is obtained by performing radial averages. In our experiment, we also normali ...
... and the relaxation time scale is short compared to the measurement time, the ensemble average of the power spectrum can be obtained by calculating the time average. For isotropic scattering, additional statistical accuracy is obtained by performing radial averages. In our experiment, we also normali ...
bright field microscopy
... When to use Fluorescence microscopy •Used to study specimens, which can be made to fluoresce. •Certain material emits energy detectable as visible light when irradiated with the light of a specific wavelength. The sample can either be fluorescing in its natural form like chlorophyll and some mineral ...
... When to use Fluorescence microscopy •Used to study specimens, which can be made to fluoresce. •Certain material emits energy detectable as visible light when irradiated with the light of a specific wavelength. The sample can either be fluorescing in its natural form like chlorophyll and some mineral ...
New imaging modes for lenslet-array tandem scanning microscopes
... can be seen, the responses are fairly similar and show a fullwidth-half-maximum width of around 1 µm. The response obtained with the blue laser line (488 nm) indicates the © 2002 The Royal Microscopical Society, Journal of Microscopy, 205, 209–212 ...
... can be seen, the responses are fairly similar and show a fullwidth-half-maximum width of around 1 µm. The response obtained with the blue laser line (488 nm) indicates the © 2002 The Royal Microscopical Society, Journal of Microscopy, 205, 209–212 ...
report - CREATE project
... Here we demonstrate further improvement of the TPEF imaging system by introducing new excitation sourcedelivering reduced duration pulses, centered at optimized wavelength and new dispersion compensation unit, capable of compensating high order dispersion components. 2. Aim of the visit Our goal was ...
... Here we demonstrate further improvement of the TPEF imaging system by introducing new excitation sourcedelivering reduced duration pulses, centered at optimized wavelength and new dispersion compensation unit, capable of compensating high order dispersion components. 2. Aim of the visit Our goal was ...
Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
... can be used. In case of a fluorescent membrane marker, and if the layer of the extracellular medium is small compared with the wavelength of the incident light, the effective values c and T() can be approximated by the values obtained from the two-phase model using the refractive indices of the su ...
... can be used. In case of a fluorescent membrane marker, and if the layer of the extracellular medium is small compared with the wavelength of the incident light, the effective values c and T() can be approximated by the values obtained from the two-phase model using the refractive indices of the su ...
Varying the Effective Refractive Index to Measure
... intensity correlations is at the heart of understanding transport theory [1]. In the past, correlations have been measured in time [2] and frequency [3] as a means of, for example, determining the diffusion constant of light. What is often not fully appreciated is the degree to which effective mediu ...
... intensity correlations is at the heart of understanding transport theory [1]. In the past, correlations have been measured in time [2] and frequency [3] as a means of, for example, determining the diffusion constant of light. What is often not fully appreciated is the degree to which effective mediu ...
Visible light optical coherence correlation spectroscopy
... Figure 1 depicts the OCCS instrument which is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [6, 18–21]. This visible light OCCS instrument is based on low coherence interferometric principles as described in [6]. The light from a super-continuum source (Koheras SuperK Extreme, NKT Photonics) is spectrally ...
... Figure 1 depicts the OCCS instrument which is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [6, 18–21]. This visible light OCCS instrument is based on low coherence interferometric principles as described in [6]. The light from a super-continuum source (Koheras SuperK Extreme, NKT Photonics) is spectrally ...
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... length is larger than the photon mean free path length 1. For optically thin samples, including samples that scatter once, is the critical parameter, while for optically thick samples, * is the critical parameter. These lengths are connected by the expression ...
... length is larger than the photon mean free path length 1. For optically thin samples, including samples that scatter once, is the critical parameter, while for optically thick samples, * is the critical parameter. These lengths are connected by the expression ...
Optical Microscopy and 4 Pi Microscopy
... • Samples shown in natural color • Magnifications are 100 – 1000X. ...
... • Samples shown in natural color • Magnifications are 100 – 1000X. ...
Investigation of glucose diffusion using an optofluidic silicon chip
... is used as a temperature reference for the other rings. The simulation curves are shown in the same plot. The literature value of glucose diffusion in water ( 6.75x10−10 m2 /s at 25◦ C [5] ) and the exact geometry of the microfluidics and inlet tube are used. We can see a close agreement between sim ...
... is used as a temperature reference for the other rings. The simulation curves are shown in the same plot. The literature value of glucose diffusion in water ( 6.75x10−10 m2 /s at 25◦ C [5] ) and the exact geometry of the microfluidics and inlet tube are used. We can see a close agreement between sim ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.