Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Metabolic control of puberty
... actions and receptor(s) of obestatin has been the subject of intense controversy recently. Although in this review special emphasis will be made on the experimental evidence supporting a potential role of ghrelin in the modulation of puberty, it is important to emphasize as background information th ...
... actions and receptor(s) of obestatin has been the subject of intense controversy recently. Although in this review special emphasis will be made on the experimental evidence supporting a potential role of ghrelin in the modulation of puberty, it is important to emphasize as background information th ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems and
... thetic innervation of the cardiorespiratory system explores evidence for the existence of functionally organized specific groups of cells, including the possible functional importance of the arrangement of their dendritic fields, in the control of heart rate, vasomotor control, and the control of ai ...
... thetic innervation of the cardiorespiratory system explores evidence for the existence of functionally organized specific groups of cells, including the possible functional importance of the arrangement of their dendritic fields, in the control of heart rate, vasomotor control, and the control of ai ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... signal intensity change obtained in the 5 min period before the injection. All data were analyzed using one- or two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (analysis of variance) followed by Newman–Keuls post-hoc test or paired Student’s t test, as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at the 95% confiden ...
... signal intensity change obtained in the 5 min period before the injection. All data were analyzed using one- or two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (analysis of variance) followed by Newman–Keuls post-hoc test or paired Student’s t test, as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at the 95% confiden ...
Review International Journal of Integrative Biology Reticular
... animals. They discovered series of newly relays in direct electrical stimulation of a cat's brainstem kown as ''ascending reticular activating system'' (RAS), and proposed that a column of cells surrounding the midbrain reticular formation received input from all the ascending tracts of the brain st ...
... animals. They discovered series of newly relays in direct electrical stimulation of a cat's brainstem kown as ''ascending reticular activating system'' (RAS), and proposed that a column of cells surrounding the midbrain reticular formation received input from all the ascending tracts of the brain st ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... error prediction signal that varies linearly with reward probability and a sustained signal that varies highly non-linearly with reward probability and that is highest with maximal reward uncertainty (reward probability 5 0.5). Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we dise ...
... error prediction signal that varies linearly with reward probability and a sustained signal that varies highly non-linearly with reward probability and that is highest with maximal reward uncertainty (reward probability 5 0.5). Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we dise ...
GLUCOCORTICOIDS INCREASE CNS INFLAMMATION
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of epilepsy
... pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and reorganization of extracellular matrix leading to changes in neuronal networks. Many of these features are normally regulated by neurotrophic growth factors, especially brain-deriv ...
... pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and reorganization of extracellular matrix leading to changes in neuronal networks. Many of these features are normally regulated by neurotrophic growth factors, especially brain-deriv ...
Wasp Voodoo Rituals, Venom-Cocktails, and the Zombification of Cockroach Hosts SYMPOSIUM Frederic Libersat
... head. Then, after the head-sting is complete, the wasp leaves for roughly 30 min in search of a nest suitable for the development of its young; during this time, the stung cockroach shows a peculiar behavioral change: instead of escaping the scene, it engages in excessive grooming behavior and thoro ...
... head. Then, after the head-sting is complete, the wasp leaves for roughly 30 min in search of a nest suitable for the development of its young; during this time, the stung cockroach shows a peculiar behavioral change: instead of escaping the scene, it engages in excessive grooming behavior and thoro ...
NIH Public Access
... As will become apparent in this review, much of the investigation into the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in CNS diseases has focused around the induction of the permeability transition. There has been some controversy over the nature or even existence of the permeability transition in isolate ...
... As will become apparent in this review, much of the investigation into the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in CNS diseases has focused around the induction of the permeability transition. There has been some controversy over the nature or even existence of the permeability transition in isolate ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... reticular formation, but, surprisingly, he did not refer to ventral horn, although he found some staining in the dorsal horn. While George Koelle stressed that his findings identified several brain areas that exhibit intense presence of cholinergic synapses, he did not describe, on the basis of these ...
... reticular formation, but, surprisingly, he did not refer to ventral horn, although he found some staining in the dorsal horn. While George Koelle stressed that his findings identified several brain areas that exhibit intense presence of cholinergic synapses, he did not describe, on the basis of these ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... amygdala (BLA; Fig. 2B) probably play a Figure 1. Structure and main connections of BNST. A, Anterior BNST at low (1) and high (2) magnification. Coronal sections processed critical role in determining how organisms torevealNeuNimmunoreactivity.B,Nomenclature.C,Connections.Twomajorfiberbundles,thein ...
... amygdala (BLA; Fig. 2B) probably play a Figure 1. Structure and main connections of BNST. A, Anterior BNST at low (1) and high (2) magnification. Coronal sections processed critical role in determining how organisms torevealNeuNimmunoreactivity.B,Nomenclature.C,Connections.Twomajorfiberbundles,thein ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to ...
... Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... In this study, we examine in detail the inhibition of exteroceptive signalsby proprioceptive signals. Water-motion-sensitive exteroceptive hairs are distributed over the surfaces of the appendages of the tailfan of the crayfish. These hairs have a wide range of responseproperties, varying from those ...
... In this study, we examine in detail the inhibition of exteroceptive signalsby proprioceptive signals. Water-motion-sensitive exteroceptive hairs are distributed over the surfaces of the appendages of the tailfan of the crayfish. These hairs have a wide range of responseproperties, varying from those ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... With respect to the animal studies, we included studies only on nonhuman primates: just as in humans, the STN in nonhuman primates is a closed nucleus (i.e., dendrites are restricted to the nucleus), in contrast for example to the rat STN (Smith et al., 1990; Marani et al., 2008). With respect to th ...
... With respect to the animal studies, we included studies only on nonhuman primates: just as in humans, the STN in nonhuman primates is a closed nucleus (i.e., dendrites are restricted to the nucleus), in contrast for example to the rat STN (Smith et al., 1990; Marani et al., 2008). With respect to th ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... suggesting that Btn1p may play a role in pH homeostasis. Detailed quantitative information about neuropathological changes in JNCL is limited with qualitative studies restricted to autopsy material (Braak and Goebel, 1978, 1979). The loss of cortical neuron populations in JNCL has been well document ...
... suggesting that Btn1p may play a role in pH homeostasis. Detailed quantitative information about neuropathological changes in JNCL is limited with qualitative studies restricted to autopsy material (Braak and Goebel, 1978, 1979). The loss of cortical neuron populations in JNCL has been well document ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... CA1 by input from the entorhinal cortex. The recall ofthese associations could be tested by inducing activity in region CA3 alone and evaluating how closely the activity spreading into region CA1 resembled the activity previously provided by input from the entorhinal cortex. Most previous models of ...
... CA1 by input from the entorhinal cortex. The recall ofthese associations could be tested by inducing activity in region CA3 alone and evaluating how closely the activity spreading into region CA1 resembled the activity previously provided by input from the entorhinal cortex. Most previous models of ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... Action potentials Neurons receive many signals from other cells. These signals can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on which signaling molecules and protein receptors are used. Excitatory signals activate a traveling electric response from the neuron, while inhibitory signals prevent thi ...
... Action potentials Neurons receive many signals from other cells. These signals can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on which signaling molecules and protein receptors are used. Excitatory signals activate a traveling electric response from the neuron, while inhibitory signals prevent thi ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint - IHMC Public Cmaps (2)
... system CSF is a clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid ...
... system CSF is a clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid ...
Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Follicle
... had no selective FSH-releasing activity. Therefore, the two Bxx-lGnRH-III appeared to be satisfactory for locating lGnRH-III binding sites on pituitary gonadotropes. Biotinylated lGnRH-III (109 M) bound to 80% of FSH gonadotropes and only 50% of LH gonadotropes of acutely dispersed pituitary cells, ...
... had no selective FSH-releasing activity. Therefore, the two Bxx-lGnRH-III appeared to be satisfactory for locating lGnRH-III binding sites on pituitary gonadotropes. Biotinylated lGnRH-III (109 M) bound to 80% of FSH gonadotropes and only 50% of LH gonadotropes of acutely dispersed pituitary cells, ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... an ordered differentiation process into three types of neurons: ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 ...
... an ordered differentiation process into three types of neurons: ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala ...
... emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... recognized in both macaques and humans (Makris et al., 2005; Fernandez-Miranda et al., 2008; Gharabaghi et al., 2009; Petrides and Pandya, 2009; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a; Martino and Marco de Lucas, 2014). Here we use the term “SLF” to refer specifically to direct fronto-parietal connection ...
... recognized in both macaques and humans (Makris et al., 2005; Fernandez-Miranda et al., 2008; Gharabaghi et al., 2009; Petrides and Pandya, 2009; Thiebaut de Schotten et al., 2011a; Martino and Marco de Lucas, 2014). Here we use the term “SLF” to refer specifically to direct fronto-parietal connection ...