The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... signal-to-noise) were extracted from active channels and recorded to disk by an associated workstation with event timestamps from the behavior computer. Waveforms were not inverted before data analysis. Data analysis. Units were sorted using Offline Sorter software from Plexon, using a template matc ...
... signal-to-noise) were extracted from active channels and recorded to disk by an associated workstation with event timestamps from the behavior computer. Waveforms were not inverted before data analysis. Data analysis. Units were sorted using Offline Sorter software from Plexon, using a template matc ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant path (PP) for placemen ...
... To record from unanesthetized rats, electrodes were implanted in control (n ⫽ 7), KA-treated (n ⫽ 7), and SAP-treated (n ⫽ 11) rats. Preparation for surgery was the same as for toxin injections. Holes were drilled over the posterior hypothalamus (PH), HPC, and medial perforant path (PP) for placemen ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... scored automatically using computer software (SleepSign, Kissei Comtec). The criteria for sleep scoring (4-s epoch, 256-Hz sampling) were based on the amplitude and frequency of the EEG/ EMG recordings. The sleep criteria were set using baseline data (before drug application) from individual mice an ...
... scored automatically using computer software (SleepSign, Kissei Comtec). The criteria for sleep scoring (4-s epoch, 256-Hz sampling) were based on the amplitude and frequency of the EEG/ EMG recordings. The sleep criteria were set using baseline data (before drug application) from individual mice an ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
Role of High-Affinity Receptors and Membrane Transporters in
... structure for chemical information processing is concerned, since the work of Ramon-y-Cajal (1893) and Sherrington (1906), much of our current knowledge comes from studies based on junctional architecture (cf. Tansey, 1998). The idea that the transmitter is released in quanta on the arrival of the a ...
... structure for chemical information processing is concerned, since the work of Ramon-y-Cajal (1893) and Sherrington (1906), much of our current knowledge comes from studies based on junctional architecture (cf. Tansey, 1998). The idea that the transmitter is released in quanta on the arrival of the a ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... ability to precisely control parameters within the cellular microenvironment, and the capability to perform highly concurrent and reproducible analyses. Thanks to their scale, compatible with neuron size, compartmentalized microfluidic devices are nowadays a crucial tool in the field of neuroscience ...
... ability to precisely control parameters within the cellular microenvironment, and the capability to perform highly concurrent and reproducible analyses. Thanks to their scale, compatible with neuron size, compartmentalized microfluidic devices are nowadays a crucial tool in the field of neuroscience ...
Why Are Olfactory Systems of Different Animals So Similar?
... sensory stimuli or the biomechanical properties of animals’ bodies. Physical laws similarly constrain the architecture of the nervous system, as illustrated by Ringo’s [1991] analysis of the relationships among brain size, cell number, connectivity, and regional specialization. If cell number increa ...
... sensory stimuli or the biomechanical properties of animals’ bodies. Physical laws similarly constrain the architecture of the nervous system, as illustrated by Ringo’s [1991] analysis of the relationships among brain size, cell number, connectivity, and regional specialization. If cell number increa ...
Spinal sympathetic interneurons: Their identification and roles after
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... supplement 2). Thus, in a go/no-go operant conditioning task, M71 transgenic mice are consistently unable to discriminate acetophenone from air. We next asked if the failure to detect acetophenone was specific for this go/no go operant conditioning task, or whether it could similarly be observed in ...
... supplement 2). Thus, in a go/no-go operant conditioning task, M71 transgenic mice are consistently unable to discriminate acetophenone from air. We next asked if the failure to detect acetophenone was specific for this go/no go operant conditioning task, or whether it could similarly be observed in ...
4 Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain - Wurtman Lab
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
... Abstract: This chapter describes the aromatic L‐amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine and the effects on tyrosine metabolism of phenylalanine. Tryptophan and phenylalanine are essential amino acids and must ultimately be derived from dietary proteins; tyrosine is obtained both from dietary proteins an ...
CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
... by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they ...
... by experience. The cortex can preferentially allocate area to represent the particular peripheral input sources that are proportionally most used. Alterations in cortical representations appear to underlie learning tasks dependent on the use of the behaviorally important peripheral inputs that they ...
Author`s personal copy - Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives
... McIntyre, 2008). On the other hand, no clear time-lock has been observed in another study on MPTP-treated monkeys (McCairn and Turner, 2009), where the majority of GPi and GPe neu rons responded to repeated periods of 30 s GPi HFS with a phasic peristimulus modulation in fir ing, towards both incr ...
... McIntyre, 2008). On the other hand, no clear time-lock has been observed in another study on MPTP-treated monkeys (McCairn and Turner, 2009), where the majority of GPi and GPe neu rons responded to repeated periods of 30 s GPi HFS with a phasic peristimulus modulation in fir ing, towards both incr ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... NGF-plasticity. One possibility may be that NGF is acting directly on cortical neurons to induce such plasticity. However, most evidence indicates that in the adult rat, NGF receptors are not expressed by cortical neurons but rather in neurons that project to the cortex (Merlio et al. 1992) and on p ...
... NGF-plasticity. One possibility may be that NGF is acting directly on cortical neurons to induce such plasticity. However, most evidence indicates that in the adult rat, NGF receptors are not expressed by cortical neurons but rather in neurons that project to the cortex (Merlio et al. 1992) and on p ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... translation path along 12 symmetrical points (with regard to the x axis and y axis) in a 2D square (maximum size 0.68 3 0.68). Average translation between 2 consecutive images over all translations in the experiment was 0.29 (minimum 0.18, maximum 0.38). The average Euclidean distance of the sh ...
... translation path along 12 symmetrical points (with regard to the x axis and y axis) in a 2D square (maximum size 0.68 3 0.68). Average translation between 2 consecutive images over all translations in the experiment was 0.29 (minimum 0.18, maximum 0.38). The average Euclidean distance of the sh ...
all-or-nothing principle
... instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. ...
... instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... that showed the highest connection probability with each SFG subregion. After removing the repetitive regions, we finally obtained 9 target regions in the right SFG and 10 target regions in the left SFG. The only difference between the bilateral SFG target regions was that the putamen was only identi ...
... that showed the highest connection probability with each SFG subregion. After removing the repetitive regions, we finally obtained 9 target regions in the right SFG and 10 target regions in the left SFG. The only difference between the bilateral SFG target regions was that the putamen was only identi ...
Spatially and Functionally Distinct Roles of the PI3
... 13 DIV sympathetic neurons grown in biochemistry chambers were maintained in medium lacking NGF for 2 days before treatment with medium alone (minus sign) or medium containing NGF (150 ng/ml) for either 20 min or 8 hr. Cellular lysates were prepared from individual compartments containing cell bodie ...
... 13 DIV sympathetic neurons grown in biochemistry chambers were maintained in medium lacking NGF for 2 days before treatment with medium alone (minus sign) or medium containing NGF (150 ng/ml) for either 20 min or 8 hr. Cellular lysates were prepared from individual compartments containing cell bodie ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... timed presynaptic Ca2+ current results in a large, fast postsynaptic response (Llinas et al., 1981; Sabatini and Regehr, 1996), whereas the slower asynchronous component, resulting from residual Ca2+ remaining in the terminal after an action potential, provides a basal or tonic level of neurotransmi ...
... timed presynaptic Ca2+ current results in a large, fast postsynaptic response (Llinas et al., 1981; Sabatini and Regehr, 1996), whereas the slower asynchronous component, resulting from residual Ca2+ remaining in the terminal after an action potential, provides a basal or tonic level of neurotransmi ...
Pallidal Discharge Related to the Kinematics of Reaching
... segment of globus pallidus (GPe) can also influence motor centers by way of inhibitory projections to the subthalamic nucleus, GPi, and the nucleus reticularis of the thalamus (Hazrati and Parent 1991; Hazrati et al. 1990; Kim et al. 1976). Thus movement-related signals carried by neurons in both GP ...
... segment of globus pallidus (GPe) can also influence motor centers by way of inhibitory projections to the subthalamic nucleus, GPi, and the nucleus reticularis of the thalamus (Hazrati and Parent 1991; Hazrati et al. 1990; Kim et al. 1976). Thus movement-related signals carried by neurons in both GP ...
Preview Sample 3
... within the body is the fact that neurons contain: a. a long axon b. a large cell body c. many dendrites d. a variety of neurotransmitters Answer: a Page: 51 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis Difficulty: Moderate APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 6. The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell b ...
... within the body is the fact that neurons contain: a. a long axon b. a large cell body c. many dendrites d. a variety of neurotransmitters Answer: a Page: 51 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis Difficulty: Moderate APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 6. The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell b ...
Imaging development and plasticity in the mouse visual system
... and reactions. But in order to accomplish more complex behaviours and flexible reactions to environmental challenges, external cues and experiences should take their part in setting up and shaping a precisely connected nervous system. Thus, particularly in higher-order organisms, experience and lear ...
... and reactions. But in order to accomplish more complex behaviours and flexible reactions to environmental challenges, external cues and experiences should take their part in setting up and shaping a precisely connected nervous system. Thus, particularly in higher-order organisms, experience and lear ...
1 - TEST BANK 360
... within the body is the fact that neurons contain: a. a long axon b. a large cell body c. many dendrites d. a variety of neurotransmitters Answer: a Page: 51 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis Difficulty: Moderate APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 6. The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell b ...
... within the body is the fact that neurons contain: a. a long axon b. a large cell body c. many dendrites d. a variety of neurotransmitters Answer: a Page: 51 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Synthesis Difficulty: Moderate APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 6. The branch-like fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell b ...
Aalborg Universitet Assessment of sensory convergence in the spinal cord
... usually subdivided into the principal sensory nucleus and the spinal tract nucleus, which is further divided into the oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis subnuclei. The most caudal of these, the subnucleus caudalis (Vc), resembles the laminated structure and function of the spinal cord DH, and is for ...
... usually subdivided into the principal sensory nucleus and the spinal tract nucleus, which is further divided into the oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis subnuclei. The most caudal of these, the subnucleus caudalis (Vc), resembles the laminated structure and function of the spinal cord DH, and is for ...