Download The Layers of the Earth

Name _____________________________
Science
Period
Taking Notes – p. 288 – 291
Date _________
p. # ___
Chapter 4 – (Earth Science)
Forces Shaping Earth
of Section 1 – EARTH’S MOVING PLATES
Clues to Earth’s Interior
p. 288

__________ observations help us learn about the interior of
earth.

________________ study the earth’s interior and exterior for
clues to find out about the inside of the earth.

Studying _________________ ___________ and
______________ exposed at the surface of earth are two
ways to gather indirect evidence about the inside of the earth.

WAVES (clues)
Earthquake energy is carried through the ground by _______.

Earthquake waves are known as ___________ __________.

These earthquake waves can speed _____, or slow _______
when the waves go through solid rock or molten rock (liquid rock).
 These earthquake waves can also ______ when they go through
molten rock (liquid rock).
 Some earthquake waves can be ________ entirely when the
wave comes to molten rock (liquid rock).
p. 289
ROCK CLUES:
 Geologists have found rocks on earth’s surface that they believe
were originally formed INSIDE the earth. These rocks are at
the surface of the earth NOW…. but millions of years ago, they
existed _______ ________ the earth.

These rocks have been exposed at the surface, due to
____________. ( which is: the movement of sediments of rocks
from one place to another.)
Earth’s Layers
p. 289

Based on evidence from _______________ ________ and
________________ __________, geologists have made a
model of the interior of earth.

There are four distinct layers of earth:
1.
2.
3.
4.

________________
________________
________________
________________
INNER CORE
1.
2.
3.
4.
___________ layer
___________
made of mostly solid__________ and __________
earthquake waves _________ ____ in this layer,
which shows that this layer is a SOLID
5. hottest part of earth ( _________oC)
6. Due to the weight of surrounding rock, the inner
core is under tremendous ___________.
7. All the surrounding rock is pushing toward the center
of the earth as a result of _____________.
p. 290

OUTER CORE
1. ________ metal (liquid metal)
2. The outer core _________ one type of earthquake
wave and ________ ______ another type of
earthquake wave.
3. There is an uneven _______________ between the
outer core and the mantle.

MANTLE
1. The ___________ layer inside the earth.
2. ___________, but it can FLOW, like _________.
3. The texture of the mantle is similar to cold oatmeal,
but it is still very hot!
4. We can “see” the top part of this layer when volcanoes
erupt. This material is called ______________.
The Layers of the Earth
Remember: Drawings are just MODELS of the real object.
The REAL object is NEVER a “perfect” circle, and the layers are NEVER perfectly circular.
CRUST -
Earth’s outermost layer (VERY thin and VERY brittle)
The thickness varies
(Under the ocean, the crust is very _________.)
(Under the continents, the crust is very ________.)
MANTLE – The largest layer of the Earth’s interior.
The mantle is solid, but it can _____________, like putty.
CORE -
OUTER CORE -
Surrounds the inner core.
It is believed to be a _____________.
It is ___________ ____________.
INNER CORE -
Solid and very dense. Hottest layer of the earth.
It is believed to be made mostly of _______ and ______
Earth’s Structure
p. 291

Earth can be divided in to other layers based on
_______________ properties.

These properties can change with the _________ below the
surface of the Earth.

Properties that are LOWEST in the crust are
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
(These properties are GREATEST in the Inner Core.)
(See FIGURE 4 on page
290 for this diagram.)
The LITHOSPHERE is composed of
the _________________ crust,
the _________________ crust,
and the uppermost ________________.
The ASTHENOSPHERE (the uppermost ____________ ) is a ________________
layer upon which the sections of the lithosphere (called PLATES) can float and move.