Download Preserving the Union 36 - White Plains Public Schools

Preserving the Union
US History/Napp
Name: __________________
“As soon as the Confederacy was formed, Confederate soldiers in each secessionist state
began seizing federal installations – especially forts. By the time of Lincoln’s inauguration
on March 4, 1861, only four Southern forts remained in Union hands. The most important
was Fort Sumter, on an island in Charleston harbor.
Lincoln decided to neither abandon Fort Sumter nor reinforce it. He would merely send
in ‘food for hungry men.’ At 4:30 A.M. on April 12, Confederate soldiers began thundering
away to the cheers of Charleston’s citizens. The deadly struggle between North and South
was under way.
News of Fort Sumter’s fall united the North. When Lincoln called for volunteers, the
response throughout the Northern states was overwhelming. However, Lincoln’s call for
troops provoked a very different reaction in the states of the upper South. In April and
May, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee seceded, bringing the number of
Confederate states to eleven. The western counties of Virginia opposed slavery, so they
seceded from Virginia and were admitted into the Union as West Virginia in 1863. The four
remaining slave states - Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri [the Border States] remained in the Union.
The Union and the Confederacy were unevenly matched. The Union enjoyed enormous
advantages in resources over the South – more people, more factories, greater food
production, and a more extensive railroad system. The Confederacy’s advantages included
‘King Cotton,’ first-rate generals, and highly motivated soldiers.
After secession occurred, many Southerners believed that dependence on Southern cotton
would force Great Britain to formally recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation.
Unfortunately for the South, Britain had accumulated a huge cotton inventory just before
the outbreak of war. Instead of importing Southern cotton, the British now needed
Northern wheat and corn. Britain decided that neutrality was the best policy.”
~ The Americans
1. As the Civil War began, the North had
3. Who fired the first shot of the Civil War?
all of the following advantages EXCEPT
(1) The Confederates.
(1) a larger population
(2) The French.
(2) more railroads
(3) The Union.
(3) more industrial capacity
(4) The English.
(4) superior military leadership
4. The Border States who stayed loyal to the
2. Lincoln’s solution to the dilemma of
Union were:
resupplying Fort Sumter was to:
(1) South Carolina, Delaware, Kentucky,
(1) Send troops and warships to the fort.
and Alabama
(2) Attack Charleston
(2) Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia
(3) Send only provisions – not troops or
(3) Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and
warships – to the fort.
Missouri
(4) Send supplies and fresh troops
(4) West Virginia, Kentucky, and Maine
Challenges and Changes:
* Copperheads:
- A group of Northern Democrats known as Peace Democrats
- Opposed the war and called for reuniting the states through negotiation
- Republicans referred to them as Copperheads (after the venomous snake)
* Conscription [the Draft]
- Congress introduced a militia law that required states to use conscription (the draft)
- Many Northern Democrats opposed the law and riots erupted
- To enforce the law, Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus or a person’s right not to be
imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial
- When suspended, a person can be imprisoned indefinitely without trial
- President Lincoln suspended the writ for anyone who openly supported the rebels or
encouraged others to resist the militia draft
- Lincoln said, “Must I shoot a simple-minded soldier boy who deserts while I must not
touch a hair of a wily agitator who induces him to desert?”
* The Emancipation Proclamation
- On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
- It declared that “all slaves in those regions still in rebellion on that date would be free”
- Did not apply to border states or the regions under Union control, but only to those under
Confederate control (thus, it did not immediately free any slaves)
- The end of slavery did not come until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865
* The Gettysburg Address
- At the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union suffered 23,000 casualties, but the South lost an
Estimated 28,000 troops, over one-third of Lee’s entire force
- The disaster at Gettysburg proved to be the turning point of the war
- For the rest of the war, Lee’s forces remained on the defensive
- In November 1863, Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate a portion of the battlefield as
a military cemetery
- His speech became one of the best-known orations in American history
- Lincoln reminded his listeners that the nation was “conceived in liberty, and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal.”
Lincoln’s Goal
- “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union,” Abraham Lincoln
1. Early in his Presidency, Abraham Lincoln
declared that his primary goal as President
was to
(1) enforce the Emancipation Proclamation
(2) preserve the Union
(3) end slavery throughout the entire
country
(4) encourage sectionalism
2. Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and
Delaware were classified as these kinds of
states during the Civil War.
(1) Confederate States
(2) Free States
(3) Border States
(4) Northern States
3. The president suspended this
constitutional protection against unlawful
imprisonment during the Civil War.
(1) Ex Post Facto
(2) Corpus Delicti
(3) Habeas Corpus
(4) Corpus Juris
4. This proclamation took affect January
1863 and freed slaves in states of rebellion.
(1) General Emancipation
(2) Emancipation Proclamation
(3) 13th Amendment
(4) 15th Amendment
8. The newly formed Confederacy had the
advantage of
(1) A larger population.
(2) More naval warships and experienced
sailors.
(3) More experienced military leaders and
trained soldiers.
(4) More developed industry.
(5) All of the above.
9. During the Civil War, the North had the
advantage of having
(1) 90 percent of manufacturing capacity.
(2) A diversified economy that produced
grain as well as textiles.
5. These were Northerners who sympathized (3) Control of the federal government and
with the South and opposed the war and
its bureaucratic infrastructure.
abolition.
(4) A much larger population.
(1) Copperheads
(5) All of the above.
(2) Rattlesnakes
(3) Cotton Mouths
10. The Emancipation Proclamation would,
(4) Coral Snakes
it was hoped, cause
(1) Southern blacks to join the Union army.
6. These riots took place in New York City
(2) Copperheads to become more supportive
in July 1863 as a result of a dockside strike
of Lincoln.
and an unpopular draft of men for the
(3) An end to slavery in the Border States.
Union army.
(4) Rally Southern slave owners to the
(1) The riots of 1863
Union cause.
(2) The Draft Riots of 1863
(5) All of the above.
(3) The Irish Dock Riot
(4) The War Riot of 1863
11. Abraham Lincoln’s reason for coming to
the Gettysburg battlefield was to
7. President Lincoln justified suspending the (1) Declare an end to the Civil War.
writ of habeas corpus by saying:
(2) Dedicate a national memorial to the
(1) The Supreme Court had approved the
fallen soldiers.
action.
(3) Campaign for re-election.
(2) The country was under attack.
(4) Tell the listeners about the history of the
(3) It was OK if the capital were
United States.
threatened.
(4) He was president and could do what he
12. Lincoln emphasizes in the Gettysburg
wanted.
Address that the nation was conceived in
(5) His election gave him a mandate to do so. (1) Rebellion
(2) Disunity
(3) Liberty
(4) Happiness
The Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
November 19, 1863
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here
gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should
do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow –
this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far
above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what
we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us –
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave
the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have
died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that
government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
Source: Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, edited by Roy P. Basler. The text above is
from the so-called “Bliss Copy,” one of several versions which Lincoln wrote, and believed
to be the final version.
Questions:
1- What does President Abraham Lincoln believe is being tested during the Civil War?
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2- What has Lincoln come to dedicate?
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3- According to Lincoln, who really has consecrated the field?
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4- According to Lincoln, what is the task remaining for the American people?
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5- How does Lincoln use the idea of “unfinished work” to assign responsibility to his
listeners?
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