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Muscular System - Notes Outline Muscular System 1H06.01 Describe the structure of the muscles A. Muscles 1. Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2. There are 650 different muscles in the human body 3. Muscles give shape and form 4. Muscles produce body heat B. Types of muscles 1. Voluntary a. Skeletal – muscles attached to bone b. The sarcolemma is the cell membrane 2. Involuntary a. Smooth (visceral) – found in internal organs b. Cardiac – found in heart 3. Sphincter – circular muscles in openings between esophagus and stomach, anus and urethra C. Principal skeletal muscles 1. Biceps brachii 2. Brachioradialis 3. Buccinator 4. Deltoid 5. Diaphragm 6. External oblique 7. Hamstrings 8. Gastrocnemius 9. Gluteus maximus 10. Gluteus medius 11. Intercostal muscles 12. Latissiumus dorsi 13. Masseter 14. Pectoralis major 15. Quadriceps femoris 16. Rectus abdominus 17. Rectus femoris 18. Sartorius 19. Soleus major 20. Sternocleidomastoid 21. Tibialis anterior 22. Trapezius 23. Triceps brachii 24. Vastus lateralis 25. Vastus medialis 1H06.02 Analyze the function of the muscular system A. Responsible for: 1. Body movement 2. Posture 3. Body heat B. Types of muscles 1. Voluntary a. Skeletal – muscles attached to bone b. The sarcolemma is the cell membrane 2. Involuntary a. Smooth (visceral) – found in internal organs b. Cardiac – found in heart 3. Sphincter – circular muscles in openings between esophagus and stomach, anus and urethra C. Characteristics 1. Contractibility – muscle becomes shorter and thicker causing muscle movement 2. Excitability – respond to stimuli 3. Extensibility – ability to stretch muscles 4. Elasticity – ability to return to original length D. Movement 1. Muscles move bones by pulling on them 2. Groups of muscles usually contract to produce a single movement a. Motor unit – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates b. Neuromuscular junction – junction between the motor neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse, and the muscle cell membrane c. Acetylcholine – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft) d. Muscle fatigue – caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles e. Oxygen debt – after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose 3. Diaphragm – dome-shaped muscle, separates abdominal and thoracic cavity, aids in breathing E. Muscle tone – muscles slightly contracted and ready F. Exercise and training 1H06.03 Identify characteristics and treatment of common muscle disorders A. Conditions 1. Atrophy – wasting away of muscle due to lack of use 2. Hypertrophy – an increase in the size of the muscle cell B. Injury and overuse 1. Strain – muscle tear, symps are pain and swelling, Rx – ice packs 2. Muscle spasm (cramp) – sustained contraction of muscle 3. Myalgia – muscle pain 4. Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon