Download Muscular System - Notes Outline

Muscular System - Notes Outline
Muscular System
1H06.01
Describe the structure of the muscles
A. Muscles
1. Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue
2. There are 650 different muscles in the human body
3. Muscles give shape and form
4. Muscles produce body heat
B. Types of muscles
1. Voluntary
a. Skeletal – muscles attached to bone
b. The sarcolemma is the cell membrane
2. Involuntary
a. Smooth (visceral) – found in internal organs
b. Cardiac – found in heart
3. Sphincter – circular muscles in openings between esophagus
and stomach, anus and urethra
C. Principal skeletal muscles
1. Biceps brachii
2. Brachioradialis
3. Buccinator
4. Deltoid
5. Diaphragm
6. External oblique
7. Hamstrings
8. Gastrocnemius
9. Gluteus maximus
10. Gluteus medius
11. Intercostal muscles
12. Latissiumus dorsi
13. Masseter
14. Pectoralis major
15. Quadriceps femoris
16. Rectus abdominus
17. Rectus femoris
18. Sartorius
19. Soleus major
20. Sternocleidomastoid
21. Tibialis anterior
22. Trapezius
23. Triceps brachii
24. Vastus lateralis
25. Vastus medialis
1H06.02
Analyze the function of the muscular system
A. Responsible for:
1. Body movement
2. Posture
3. Body heat
B. Types of muscles
1. Voluntary
a. Skeletal – muscles attached to bone
b. The sarcolemma is the cell membrane
2. Involuntary
a. Smooth (visceral) – found in internal organs
b. Cardiac – found in heart
3. Sphincter – circular muscles in openings between esophagus
and stomach, anus and urethra
C. Characteristics
1. Contractibility – muscle becomes shorter and thicker causing
muscle movement
2. Excitability – respond to stimuli
3. Extensibility – ability to stretch muscles
4. Elasticity – ability to return to original length
D. Movement
1. Muscles move bones by pulling on them
2. Groups of muscles usually contract to produce a single
movement
a. Motor unit – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it
stimulates
b. Neuromuscular junction – junction between the motor
neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse, and the muscle
cell membrane
c. Acetylcholine – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across
the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft)
d. Muscle fatigue – caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in
the muscles
e. Oxygen debt – after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed
by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose
3. Diaphragm – dome-shaped muscle, separates abdominal and
thoracic cavity, aids in breathing
E. Muscle tone – muscles slightly contracted and ready
F. Exercise and training
1H06.03
Identify characteristics and treatment of common muscle
disorders
A. Conditions
1. Atrophy – wasting away of muscle due to lack of use
2. Hypertrophy – an increase in the size of the muscle cell
B. Injury and overuse
1. Strain – muscle tear, symps are pain and swelling, Rx – ice
packs
2. Muscle spasm (cramp) – sustained contraction of muscle
3. Myalgia – muscle pain
4. Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon