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2nd Quarter - Science EQT - Study Guide – 7th Grade
1. A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to
become drier. As a result, grasses that cover the island change
from dark green to light brown. Over time, how might green
toads that hide in the grasses respond to these changes?
2. A river caused one population of giraffes to become
separated into two populations. Members of these two
populations were later brought together but could not breed.
What is this an example of?
3. A storm blew several butterfly-eating birds to a distant
island. The island was filled with butterflies of all colors. A
year later, all of the butterflies were dark green and brown.
What is an explanation for the change in the butterflies?
4. Animals may change behavior or physical appearance in
response to changes in the environment. What is this called?
5. What is the process by which individuals that are better
adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more
successfully than others do?
6. When an effective insecticide is used on a population of
insects, most of the insects are killed. However, a few may
survive due to genes that make them resistant to the
insecticide. What is the BEST explanation of why this occurs?
19. Unlike mitosis, what is the end result of meiosis?
20. What is the haploid number of chromosomes for a human
sperm or egg cell?
21. What is the number of chromosomes in a body cell
(somatic) known as?
22. What occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis?
23. How is DNA like RNA? How is it different?
24. If a scientist is trying to decide if a molecule is RNA or
DNA, for what should he test?
25. A pea plant has alleles for green and yellow seed colors.
According to Mendel's law of segregation of characteristics,
what must a gamete of the plant carry?
26. A pea plant has white flowers and yellow seeds. What
does Mendel's law of independent assortment say about these
traits?
27. A poodle with black fur (BB) is crossed with a poodle with
brown fur (bb). Using a Punnett square, what is the probability
(percentage) that the offspring will be black?
28. All characteristics are determined by what?
7. When penicillin was 1st developed it was hailed as a
miracle drug. However, over time many of these species of
bacteria are no longer killed with penicillin. What is one likely
cause of this phenomenon?
29. Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells &
offspring independently of one another. This is an example of
which of Mendel's laws?
8. What symbiotic relationship is characterized by organisms
that help each other?
30. An organism with the genotype Dd is crossed with an
organism of the same genotype. Using a Punnett square, what
is the RATIO of offspring displaying the dominant allele to
offspring displaying the recessive allele?
9. A cell that has lost its chromosomes will be unable to do
what?
10. How many chromosomes are present in a normal human
sex cell?
11. How would a gene be described?
12. If the body cells of an organism have 10 chromosomes,
then sex cells produced during meiosis would have ______
chromosomes.
13. On what structure are genes found?
14. What is heredity?
31. During the formation of gametes, the 2 alleles responsible
for a trait separate from each other and then "recombined" at
fertilization. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws?
32. If 2 first-generation self-pollinating plants are crossed (Pp
x Pp) what is the PROBABILITY that offspring plants will
show the recessive trait, pp?
33. If you cross 2 rabbits that have the genotype Bb, how
many possible genotypes can be found in the offspring?
34. In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits (one
is dominant, one is recessive), offspring that are hybrid
(heterozygous) for a trait will have only the dominant trait in
the phenotype. This is an example of which of Mendel's laws?
15. The function of chromosomes is directly related to what?
16. What makes up chromosomes?
35. In a plant, tall (D) is the dominant allele. Short (d) is the
recessive allele. Which genotype would a short offspring
have?
17. How can the process of meiosis be described?
18. Mitosis produces __________ while meiosis produces
__________.
36. In DNA, what can be said about the amount of thymine
(T) as compared to the amount of adenine (A)? What is said
about the amount of cytosine (C) as compared to guanine (G)?
37. The likelihood that an offspring will have a genetic
disorder, such as sickle cell disease, depends on what factors?
38. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring if you
cross a white flower (pp) with a purple flower (PP)?
39. When does a mutation occur?
40. What do each of the following symbols mean in a
pedigree?
41. Study the genetic code: A T G C A C C A T G
In order for this code to represent a piece of RNA, which base
must be replaced by uracil?
57. How are RNA and DNA involved in making proteins?
58. RNA, like DNA, consists of a long chain of nucleotides.
What makes up these nucleotides?
59. A dog has alleles for fur color and tail length. The
inheritance of one allele does not affect the other. This is an
example of which of Mendel's laws?
60. Diana was born with Down’s syndrome. What caused
Diana's condition?
61. Which components are parts
of the figure to the right?
42. A tomato plant has 24 chromosomes in its egg cells. How
many chromosomes are found in a leaf cell from the plant?
62. Study the cell to the right. What is a
function of the cell part labeled X?
43. Which trait is not determined by chromosomes?
63. Recently environmental groups have been spending a lot
of time removing the apple snails from the lake around
Municipal Park. The apple snail is considered what type of
species?
44. How does the number of chromosomes in egg and sperm
cells at the end of meiosis compare with that in body cells?
45. A relative of the giraffe called an okapi has 44
chromosomes in its skin cells. How many chromosomes does
a female okapi have in her egg cells?
46. A scientist determines that a specific plant's reproductive
cells have 20 chromosomes. How many chromosomes do its
non-reproductive cells contain?
64. Plants alter the chemicals in the air. They take in nitrogen
from the atmosphere and enrich the soil with the help of what?
65. Beavers are known for building dams. How might this be
harmful to the environment?
66. What happens in the last phase of mitosis?
47. Which nucleic acids are present in both DNA and RNA?
67. What happens before mitosis begins?
48. A DNA molecule is being transcribed onto a RNA
molecule; the next base on the DNA sequence is adenine.
Which base will be the complement in RNA?
68. The cell cycle consists of 3 stages. In what order do they
occur?
49. Which statement describes a species variation that could
be created by interspecies interactions?
50. The sperm cells of a squirrel have 20 chromosomes. How
many chromosomes are found in a body cell of the animal?
51. What is true of sexual reproduction that brings together
genetic material from two parents?
52. What is MOST likely reason that has caused many
organisms in the Galapagos Islands to evolve into becoming a
new species?
53. A parent cell has 24 chromosomes. After meiosis, how
many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
54. What is the process in which a parent cell divides twice
and produces sex cells?
55. What process produces cells with half the number of
chromosomes as the parent cell?
56. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
69. At which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes pull apart
in the diagram below?
70. What is the process by which individuals that are better
adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more
successfully than others do?