Download Organic Objectives

Organic Chemistry: Honors
Students will know…EVERYTHING IN THE PACKET
 the bond angle of H-C-H bond.
 the bonding capacity of C, H, O, Cl, Br, and I.
 that the parent chain can be bent.
 that hydrocarbons are good fuels.
 the names of side groups: methyl –CH3 ethyl –C2H5 bromo –Br
iodo –I chloro –Cl
 to start numbering carbons of a parent chain where the side group is
closest .
 that “n” means “normal” (straight chain.) For example, n-pentane.
“I” means iso, and “t” means tertiary (neo is also used) and how to draw and
name these
 that tetramethyl means 4 methyl groups, trimethyl means 3 groups,
dimethyl means 2 groups, etc.
 that hydrocarbons with:
all single bonds are called
end with “follow the formula
alkanes
ane”
CnH2n+2
one double bond are called
end with “follow the formula CnH2n
alkenes
ene”
one triple bond are called
end with “follow the formula
alkynes
yne”
CnH2n-2
 that “cyclo-“ means the molecule contains a ring.
 that “saturated” means “saturated with hydrogens” and describes alkanes.
 that alkenes, alkynes, and cyclic hydrocarbons are all “unsaturated.”
 that unsaturated fats are better for you (the double bond makes them easier
to digest and less likely to coat the inside of your arteries.)
 that various types of compounds (alcohols, ethers, etc.) have atoms in
common (called functional groups).
 that “R” stands for the “Rest of the molecule” (methyl, ethyl, etc.) [Officially,
“R” = “Residue”.]
 examples of these molecules in daily life. (methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol,
denatured alcohol, rubbing alcohol, formaldehyde, acetone, diethylether,
acetic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, methylsalicylate, vitamins)
 Acid + Alcohol  Ester + H2O
 Amino Acid + Amino Acid  Protein + H2O
 that one way molecules can join, a reaction where H2O is formed, is called
a “condensation reaction.”
 that a polymer (“poly” means many, “mer” means parts) consists of many
repeating parts.
 a second way molecules can join, in which a double bond opens to form two new bonds, is
called an “addition reaction.”
Students will be able to…
 give examples of hydrocarbons.
 give examples of condensed formulas, skeletal formulas and structural formulas.
 list prefixes 1 – 10 (meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, etc.)
 build models of molecules.
 state the # of atoms and # of elements in a molecule.
 draw isomers of molecules and recognize isomers.
 write the formula of a hydrocarbon, given its name and vice versa.
 give household examples of hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, butane, octane).
 identify the “parent chain” looking at a structural formula
 give examples of substituted hydrocarbons.
 draw and name isomers of substituted hydrocarbons.
 build models using single, double and triple bonds and describe which rotate.
 demonstrate cis- and trans- isomerism, example: dichloroethene, C2H2Cl2.
 recognize whether the molecule is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne given the formula.
 name a molecule, given the structural formula.
 write the correct structural formula, given the name.
 circle the atoms that make up the functional group, given the structural formula of a
molecule.
 Draw the mechanism for making a ketone from an alkyne
 Name alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, cyclo’s, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones,
carboxylic acids.
 Know how to map and show the exact chemistry, including side products for multistep
synthesis.
 Identify and draw primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
 Know which of the alcohols are reactive and which are not.
 Identify and draw and name iso and tert (t) (neo) configurations.
 Know what an “alkyl” group is
 Know the structure of acetylene, phenol, acetic acid
 Know the ortho, para, meta positions on phenol rings.
 Know that the OH group as a functional group is alcholo/alkonols and as a substituent is
hydroxy.
 Know that the =O is a ketone but is called oxo as a substituent group.
 Know Markovnikov rule.
 Know the mechanism for adding 2 H2O to an alkyne to make a ketone or alkanal.
SEE OTHER SIDE
 Recognize and draw the structures below
alcohol
aldehyde
Naming Helps:

ketone
ether (bunny)
amine
amide
The prefixes di, tri, tetra etc., used to designate several groups of the
same kind, are not considered when alphabetizing.

Dimethylpentyl (as
complete single
substituent) is
alphabetized under
"d", thus 7-(1,2Dimethylpentyl)-5-
carboxylic acid
ester
Haloalkanes
Aromatic Rings
ethyltridecane



If several substituents are present on the ring, they are listed in
alphabetical order. Location numbers are assigned to the substituents
so that one of them is at carbon #1 and the other locations have the
lowest possible numbers, counting in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
If he ene suffix (ending) indicates an alkene or cycloalkane then
the longest chain chosen for the root name must include both carbon
atoms of the double bond.
R
–
X
 state natural examples of polymers such as proteins (many amino acids), carbohydrates
(many sugar units), and DNA (many nucleotide bases).
 state man-made polymers like polyester (many ester linkages), and polyethylene,
polystyrene, and Teflon.
Double bonds precede triple bonds in the IUPAC name, but the chain
 draw the “repeat unit” with the double bond open and copy the repeat unit to draw the
is numbered from the end nearest a multiple bond, regardless of its
nature.
polymer, given a monomer (like ethane, aka. ethylene),
 give examples of common substances made from addition polymers.
Iso and tert are used when alphabetizing. ( We will do it this way but I have
found conflicting info.)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH3
hex-2-ene (Preferred)
(not 2-hexene)
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH
but-3-en-1-ol (PIN)
Hyphenated prefixes: sec- and tert- are not used in alphabetizing
but iso is. Thus isopropyl and isobutyl are listed alphabetically
under i but sec-butyl and tert-butyl are listed under b.