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Digestive (GI) System Flashcards
1. What are the two kinds of digestion?
Mechanical
Chemical
Submucosa
2. Which layer of the digestive tube contains
lots of elastic fibers, blood vessels, and
lymphatic vessels?
3. The hepatic portal system has two distinct
The first picks up nutrients and the second delivers
capillary beds separated by a portal vein. The these nutrients to liver cells.
functions of these two capillary beds are
what?
4. Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in
Vitamin B12
order to be absorbed?
5. What are the three main characteristics of the
1) It reabsorbs much of the water and salts
large intestine?
2) It contains the ascending, transverse, and
descending colon.
3) It contains abundant bacteria.
6. What are the three main characteristics of the It is the site of nutrient absorption
small intestine?
It breaks down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
Breakdown products of fats enter its lacteals.
7. Where does food first encounter proteinStomach
splitting enzymes?
8. What is the function of the gallbladder?
Storage (not secretion!) of bile
9.
Secretin
W
hen the acidic contents of the stomach enter
the normally alkaline duodenum, what
hormone is released that causes the pancreas
to secrete bicarbonate?
10. What is the semi-fluid paste called that is a
Chyme
result of the food in the stomach being
repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric
juice?
11. What are four characteristics of the
1) It receives chyme from the stomach.
duodenum?
2) It is within the body cavity with the ileum or
jejunum (not retroperitoneal).
3) It is shorter than either the ileum or jejunum.
4) It is the site of action of liver and pancreas
secretions.
12. What are the five the primary functions of
1. Store Food, so it can be slowly released into a
the stomach?
small intestine.
2. Churns food into a paste (chime) by mechanical
means
3. Kill bacteria.
4. Starts digestion of proteins.
5. Some absorption of water, alcohol
13. Does it dehydrate food materials before
No
passing them to the small intestine?
14. Does it store food for later use in the form of No
fat?
Digestive (GI) System Flashcards
15. What is the terminal portion of the small
intestine called?
16. Which layer of the digestive tract is
responsible for the peristaltic waves that
propel materials from one portion to another?
17. Of the basic digestive processes, the one in
which nutrients enter capillaries is called
what?
18. What is the only role of the levator ani
muscle in defecation?
19.
hat is the correct sequence of layers in the
wall of the alimentary canal, from internal to
external?
20. What is the digestive organ primarily
responsible for the absorption of water?
21. Why are bacteria are abundant in the large
intestines, but not in the small intestines or
the stomach?
22. What is the only function of the greater
omentum?
23. The epithelium that lines the stomach and
intestines is simple columnar. What are the
basic functions of this epithelium?
24. Digestion of what food type would be
affected the most if the bile—secreting liver
were severely damaged?
25. What are three functions of the liver?
26. Does the liver produce digestive enzymes?
27. What cells secrete hydrochloric acid and
digestive enzymes which kill bacteria in the
stomach?
28. What stomach cells secrete an enzyme to
digest protein?
29. Gums are also known as what?
30. What is the major cause of tooth loss?
31. What is a rhythmic contraction to push
something along by smooth muscle
contraction?
Ileum
muscularis externa
Absorption
It lifts the anal canal superiorly around the feces.
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
W
Large intestine
Secretions of parietal cells kill bacteria in the
stomach, and the Ileocecal valve prevents the
bacteria in the large intestines from migrating up
into the small intestines.
Stores fat
secretion and absorption
Lipids
1) detoxification of poisons
2) picking up and processing of nutrients from the
portal blood
3) storage of some vitamins
Just lipase to digest fats. Protein digesting enzymes
are made by the stomach and pancreas only.
PARIETAL CELLS
CHIEF CELLS
Gingiva
Periodontitis, which is when the gums pull away
from the tooth and the bacteria extends down to
the periodontal ligament and erode it.
Peristalsis
Digestive (GI) System Flashcards
32. The parietal cells in the stomach secrete a
substance called?
Intrinsic factor.
33. What vitamin requires intrinsic factor in
order to be absorbed?
Vitamin B12
34. This is where most digesting and absorption
of food takes place.
35. What organ is an endocrine gland, and a
digestive gland, and makes most of the
digestive enzymes?
36. What makes bicarbonate to increase the pH
(decrease the acidity) of the chyme coming
from the stomach.
37. What hormone tells the pancreas to secrete
bicarbonate?
38. Its function is to absorb breakdown
products of fat
Small Intestine.
39. Its an autoimmune disease of the GI tract,
and commonly affects the small intestine. It
is usually caused by genetics, and commonly
occurs to males in their 20’s
40. Genetic autoimmune disorder of the small
intestine, causing chronic diarrhea when the
person is allergic to gluten.
41. What is steatorrhea?
42. How do you get intestinal gas?
43. a disease which attacks the large intestine,
preventing water absorption, and can be fatal
in 24-48 hours.
44. Regions of the Large Intestine
45. This is a lymph node below the cecum and is
a lymph node, and contains E Coli
46. An intermittent disease, the main symptom is
constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of
gradual onset. Colectomy (partial or total
removal of the large bowel through surgery)
is occasionally necessary, and is considered
to be a cure.
Pancreas
Pancreas
Secretin
Lacteals (a lymph vessel inside a small intestine
villus)
Crohns Disease.
Celiac disease (sprue)
having pale, loose and greasy stools
When there are certain carbohydrates that are not
digested, and are instead eaten by bacteria in the
intestine. The bacteria produce the gas
Cholera
Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon,
descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
Appendix
Ulcerative Colitis
Digestive (GI) System Flashcards
47. Symptoms of this are chronic abdominal
pain, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits
in the absence of any detectable organic
cause. May manifest as diarrhea or
constipation or may alternate between the
two
48. What is an accurate test for colon cancer?
49. Varicose veins in the rectum.
50. This is the largest internal organ of the body,
located on the right side, below the
diaphragm, and extends below the costal
margin (can palpate). It has many functions
and is the most complex organ except the
brain, and as over 500 known functions.
51. What is the functional unit of the liver?
52. Function of Hepatocytes (liver cells)
53. What are Kupffer Cells?
54. What is Hepatitis?
55. Why is it that liver transplant patients and
donors end up successful?
56. Congenital condition in which the major
visceral organs in the thorax and abdomen
are reversed or mirrored from their normal
positions.
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS)
Colonoscopy
Hemorrhoids
The Liver
Liver Lobule
Detox of poisons, picking up and processing of
nutrients from the portal blood, and storage of
some vitamins.
They are macrophages in the liver.
Infection of the liver.
Because the liver is able to regenerate
Situs Inversus