Download Study Guide Respiratory system

Study Guide
Chapter 16
Name:__________________
Period:______ Date:______
Label the following diagram of the respiratory system:
1.
__________________________
2.
__________________________
3.
__________________________
4.
__________________________
5.
__________________________
6.
__________________________
7.
__________________________
8.
__________________________
9.
__________________________
10.
__________________________
11.
__________________________
Match the functions in the first column with the appropriate terms in the
second column.
____ 12. entraps dust
____ 13. lightens skull and
provide vocal resonance
____ 14. warms and humidifies air
entering the nose
____ 15. provides movement to
mucous layer
a. mucous membrane
b. mucus
c. sinuses
d. cilia
16. Describe the location and function of the pharynx.
17. Describe the function of the alveoli.
18. How does surfactant support the function of the alveoli?
Match the air volumes in column A with the definitions in column B.
Column A
Column B
19. expiratory reserve volume
a. volume in addition to tidal volume that
leaves the lungs during forced expiration.
20. functional residual capacity
b. vital capacity plus residual volume.
21. inspiratory capacity
c. volume that remains in lungs after the
most forceful expiration.
22. inspiratory reserve volume
d. volume that enters or leaves lungs
during normal breathing.
23. residual volume
e. volume in addition to tidal volume that
enters lungs during forced inspiration.
24. tidal volume
f. maximum volume a person can exhale
after taking the deepest possible breath.
25. total lung capacity
g. maximum volume a person can inhale
following exhalation of the tidal volume
26. vital capacity
h. volume of air remaining in the lungs
following exhalation of the tidal volume.
27. Use the key choices to correctly complete the following statements,
which refer to gas exchanges in the body. Insert the correct letter response
in the answer blanks.
Key choices:
a. active transport
b. alveoli air to capillary blood
c. CO2 poor and oxygen rich
d. capillary blood to alveolar air
e. capillary blood to tissue cells
f. diffusion
g. higher concentration
h. lower concentration
i. oxygen-poor and CO2 rich
j. tissue cells to capillary blood
All gas exchanges are made by _______. When substances pass in this
manner, they move from areas of their ______ to areas of their ______.
Thus oxygen continually passes from _______ and then from ______.
Conversely, carbon dioxide moves from _____ and from ______. From there
it passes out of the body during expiration. As a result of such exchanges,
arterial blood tends to be ______ while venous blood is _____.
The diagram below shows respiratory volumes. Complete the figure by
making the following additions:
a. Bracket the volume representing the vital capacity and color the
area yellow; label it VC.
b. Add green stripes to the area representing the inspiratory reserve
volume and label it IRV.
c. Add red stripes to the area representing the expiratory reserve
volume and label it ERV.
d. Identify and label the respiratory volume, which is now just yellow.
e. Color the residual volume (RV) blue and label it on the figure.
f. Bracket and label the inspiratory capacity (IC).
Fill-in-the-blank
28. Breathing can also be called _____________________________.
29. A mixture of lipoproteins, called ________________, acts to reduce the
tendency of alveoli to collapse.
30. When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity
___________________.
31. The weight of air causes a force called ______________ pressure.
32. Air goes into the lungs because pressure inside the lungs is _________ than
outside the lungs.
33. Nerve impulses are carried to the ______________ by the phrenic nerve.
34. Muscles that help to force out more than the normal volume of air by pulling
the ribs downward and inward include the __________
____________________.
35. The iron-containing protein called ___________________ binds to oxygen
in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where the
oxygen is released.
36. At the cellular level, respiration is defined as the release of _____________
from the breakdown of molecules in food in the presence of oxygen.
37. Inhaled air passes from the trachea to one of the two ________________.
38. Your ability to sing, shout, and speak comes from the vocal cords located
within the _______________.
39. Breathing is such an important function that your ________________
system will not let you have complete control over it.
40. Each alveolus is surrounded by ___________________ so gas exchange
can occur.
41. Carbon monoxide blocks the transport of ____________ by hemoglobin in
the blood.
42. Gas that moves from the blood into the alveoli is _________________.
43. Gas that moves from body cells into the blood is _________________.
44. Gas that moves from alveoli into the blood is ___________________.
45. Gas that moves from the blood into body cells is _________________.
46. The _____________ carries air from the larynx to the bronchi.
47. When the diaphragm and rib muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity,
___________________ occurs.
48. Breathing rate is regulated by response to the level of _________ detected
in the blood.
49. A disease in which the elasticity and surface area of the lung tissue is lost is
commonly caused by __________________.
50. Breathing is controlled by contractions of the __________________muscle.
51. When you swallow, the _________________ prevents food from entering
the trachea.
52. The ribs move ___________ when you exhale.
53. The enzyme, ________________________, catalyzes the conversion of
carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid.
54. After the tertiary bronchi, air will pass into the _______________ and then
to the alveoli.
55. Entry of air into the intrapleural space will cause the lung to collapse; this is
called a __________________________.
56. Increase mucus production by the mucosal layers in the bronchi, can
interfere with ventilation because is increases airway
__________________.
57. The ______________ are the structures where gas exchange takes place in
the lungs.
58. The ________________ nerve stimulates the diaphragm during breathing.
59. The pleural cavity is lined with the _________________ pleura membrane.
60. The ___________________ pleura membrane covers the lungs.
61. _________________ fluid is secreted in the pleural cavity to reduce friction
between the tissues.
62. ________________________ is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during
normal breathing.
63. The amount of air that can still be exhaled (forcibly) after a normal
exhalation is _________________________________.
64. The method of transport for all gases across membranes is done by
_______________________.
65. __________________________ is the condition where one exhales too
rapidly, decreasing the normal amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
66. _________________ is the condition where the respiratory passageways
are narrowed by bronchiolar spasms.
67. The cessation of breathing during sleep is termed _______________.
68. The _____________________ regulates the rhythmicity of breathing.