Download Athena Engberg Noella Handley Caitlin Thompson 7-25

Athena Engberg
Noella Handley
Caitlin Thompson
7-25-11
Cold War 1945-1989
1. Problems at Yalta
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What took place at Yalta?
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A meeting took place to plan the postwar world.
Who were the leaders there?
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Churchill (Britain)
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Roosevelt (United States of America)
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Stalin (Soviet Union/U.S.S.R./Russia)
List 5 potential problems that came out of Yalta.
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Churchill and Roosevelt argued that the Poland should be “free and
sovereign”. The three compromised that Churchill and Roosevelt will
recognize the government that the Soviet chooses, which led to two separate
Polish governments one Communist and the other non-Communist.
o
2. Work in groups of three to create a Cold War graphic organizer.
Where do I look for information and what format?
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The information will come from Chapters 22-29 pages 758 – 990 in the textbook and
various internet sources.
The information can be in any graphic organizer format your group can come up
with.
Each member of the group must post the graphic organizer to their Wikispace
Important People and Why?
Important People
Why?
Roosevelt
Roosevelt helped establish the resolutions
reached in the Yalta conference, which would
lead to the cold war due to the tensions caused
Athena Engberg
Noella Handley
Caitlin Thompson
7-25-11
by the Soviet Union violating these resolutions.
Truman
Truman’s actions start the series of
confrontations between the US and the Soviet
Union when he pushed the Soviet Union to
hold free elections in Poland as they promised.
Truman would lead the US through the first
years of the cold war and the Korean war, and
he demonstrated that the president controlled
the military after he fired MacArthur for
insubordination. His administration also
fostered the first years of the Red Scare.
Churchill
Churchill helped establish the resolutions at
Yalta, and these resolutions are the roots of the
cold war.
Stalin
Although Stalin helped reach the resolutions at
Yalta, his violations of these resolutions cause
the Cold war as tensions rose between the
Soviet Union and the western world. For the
first few years of the Cold War, Stalin would
continue the spread of communism, even
aiding China in becoming communist and
building and supporting a communist
government in North Korea, until he died.
George Kennan
Kennan was an American diplomat that
proposed what would become the general
American policy throughout the Cold War, “a
long-term, patient but firm and vigilant
containment of Russian expansive tendencies.”
George C. Marshall
He proposed the European Recovery Program,
which would give European nations American
aid to rebuild their economies. Truman saw the
Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine as both
essential to containment. Countries with
economic stability would have no need to turn
to communism.
Mao Zedong
The leader of the Communist forces in China,
Athena Engberg
Noella Handley
Caitlin Thompson
7-25-11
after the success of the Communist revolution
Mao became the dictator of Communist China.
He would support the North Korean
communist government and communists in
North Vietnam, but would also negotiate with
President Nixon in order to strengthen ties
between China and the United States. This
would ease tensions between the United States
and the Communist countries such as China
and the Soviet Union.
Chiang Kai-shek
The leader of the Nationalist government, who
would get driven out of China to Taiwan. The
existence of Taiwan would cause the UN to
refuse to recognize the government of
Communist China, which added tension to the
cold war.
Douglas MacArthur
He is the General in the Korean war, who
would use daring tactics in order to push back
the North Koreans and other communists.
After China entered the war, his
insubordination in demanding that they expand
the war against China caused Truman to fire
him in order to demonstrate the supremacy of
the President in the armed forces.
Igor Gouzenko
His story starts the Red Scare, which would
increase anti-communist sentiment in the
United States. He was a clerk who walked out
of the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, Canada and
defected. He carried documents that revealed a
massive effort by the Soviet union to infiltrate
organizations and government agencies in
Canada and the United States.
Alger Hiss
He was a prominent official accused of being a
Communist during the Red Scare, who denied
being neither a spy nor a member of the
Communist party. However, the journalist who
accused him, Whittaker Chambers, produced
the secret communist documents and proved
Athena Engberg
Noella Handley
Caitlin Thompson
7-25-11
that Hiss had lied. This case along with the
Rosenbergs increased the intensity of the Red
Scare.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
The Rosenbergs were accused of heading a
Soviet Spy ring and condemned them to death
despite their protests. Despite many people’s
believes that they were victims of an anticommunist frenzy, they were executed. They
symbolize the intensity of the anti-Communist
movement in the United States, which is
reflected in the tensions between the US and
the Soviet Union.
Joseph R. McCarthy
McCarthy was a little known Wisconsin
senator who used sensationalist tactics and
wild communist accusations, some with proof,
some not, in order to help him win elections.
The fact that many Americans believed him
demonstrates the atmosphere of anxiety at the
time. His sensational accusations gained him
press attention, but his support faded as he
bullied and harassed others. Finally, the army’s
lawyer Joseph Welch called him out on his
tactics, saying, “Have you no sense of
decency?” McCarthy marked a time of
irrational paranoia of communism.
Pat McCarran
He introduced the way to fight “treachery,
infiltration, sabotage, and terrorism” The
McCarran bill basically attempted to outlaw
Communism.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
He was elected President after Truman was not
elected for another term. His political beliefs
became known as dynamic conservatism, and
his policy of avoiding war by threatening
nuclear was called massive retaliation. This
policy became the defining quality of the
stalemate of the cold war – war would result in
mutual destruction.
John F. Kennedy
Athena Engberg
Noella Handley
Caitlin Thompson
7-25-11
President Kennedy was elected in 1960, and he
felt that Eisenhower had relied too heavily on
nuclear weapons, so he allowed for “flexible
response” if nations needed help resisting
communist movements. To do this, he pushed
for buildup of troops and conventional
weapons, and expanded the Special Forces. He
encouraged the growth of the space program,
which heightened tensions between the Soviet
Union and the US. Although he supported
democracy efforts in Latin America, his failure
to support Cuban uprising against Castro in the
Bay of Pigs invasion made the government
look bad. His death sent the nation into
mourning, and his short presidency is glorified
by his assissnation.
Yuri Gagarin
The first man in space, a citizen of the Soviet
Union. This triumph of the Soviet Union over
the United States in the space race increased
tensions between the two countries.
Fidel Castro
A revolutionary who overthrow Batista in
Cuba, he set up a communist government in
Cuba. Because of this system, Cuba would
become allied with the Soviet Union, which
would lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis when
the Soviet Union had put long-range missiles
in Cuba. This Crisis was the closest point to
actual war between the Soviet Union and the
US in the Cold War, and tensions were high.
Nikita Khrushchev
The leader of the Soviet Union during part of
the Cold War. He was responsible for the deStalinization of the Soviet Union and backing
the early space program. He was leader of the
Soviet Union during several crises such as the
U-2 and Cuban Missile crisis. His humiliation
during the Cuban Missile crisis led to his fall
from power.
Lee Harvey Oswald
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The man who assassinated President Kennedy,
and the story surrounding him and the
assassination ensures the continuance of
conspiracy theories to this day. The
assassination glorified Kennedy and unified
Americans over his death.
Lyndon Baines Johnson
Kennedy’s Vice-president who took over after
Kennedy’s assassination. Although initially he
used caution and restraint regarding conflict in
Vietnam, he would later send in troops to
protect American forces and allies in Southeast
Asia. The Vietnam war would end in disaster,
with the United States torn apart over the issue
and Communism prevailing in Vietnam.
Ho Chi Minh
The leader of the Nationalist movement in
Vietnam, he would become the leader of the
Communists in a struggle to reunify North and
South Vietnam. The guerilla army of
SouthVietnamese Communists, the Vietcong,
would struggle against the United States for
control of Vietnam. After the United States
pulled out of the Vietnam war, South Vietnam
would fall and Vietnam was united under
communist rule. The former capital of South
Vietnam, Saigon, would be renamed Ho Chi
Minh city.
Ngo Dinh Diem
The new nationalist leader of South Vietnam
and president of Republic of Vietnam in the
South. He refused to permit elections, fearing
Ho Chi Minh would wind, and he began to
crack down on Communism. However, he also
discriminated against Buddhism because he
was a devout Catholic, and American
sympathy for the generals who wanted to
overthrow him launched a military coup. This
lead to a weakening of the South Vietnamese
government, and eventually to the Vietnam
war.
William Westmoreland
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The American commander in South Vietnam,
who overestimated the success of America in
the war.
Richard Nixon
The president elected after Johnson had been
associated with the violence and chaos of the
Vietnam war; Nixon was responsible for
ending the war, although it lead to the
Communist victory in uniting Vietnam. He
introduced the policy of détente, and with his
efforts he strengthened the US’s ties with
China and the tensions between the US and the
Soviet Union eased dramatically. However, the
Watergate scandal tarnished his reputation.
Harry Kissinger
Nixon’s national security advisor, his policy of
Vietnamization would evolve into the Nixon
doctrine, which would was that the United
States expected its allies to take care of their
own defense.
Brezhnev
The leader of the Soviet Union during part of
Nixon’s presidency, his dealings with Nixon
allowed tensions to ease between the two
nations. He said, “The United States and the
Soviet Union had their best relationship of the
Cold War period.”
Gerald Ford
Ford basically continued Nixon’s general
strategy of foreign policy, although the Soviet
failure to uphold the basic human rights
recognized in the Helsinki Accords turned
Americans against détente. He also dealt with
problems in Southeast Asia.
Jimmy Carter
Carter’s policy was centered around a
commitment to human rights, which he
demonstrated in Latin America. He gave the
Panama Canal back to Panama. He singled out
the Soviet Union as a violator of human rights.
Détente eroded further under the Carter
administration. His administration saw the
Athena Engberg
Noella Handley
Caitlin Thompson
7-25-11
crisis in Iran. His inability to negotiate the
release of the hostages cost him the election on
1980.
Ronald Reagan
In order to deal with the Soviet Union, Reagan
launched the largest peacetime buildup of
military in American history. He thought that if
the Soviets tried to match it, it would put so
much pressure on their economy that they
would be forced to reform their system or it
would collapse. He supported guerilla groups
who were fighting to overthrow Communist or
pro-Soviet government. He sent aid to Afghan
guerillas who fought against the invading
Soviets. Peace through strength and arms
control.
Mikhail Gorbachev
The leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, who
agreed to resume arm control talks. He
reformed the Soviet Union, instituting
peretroika, restructuring, and glasnost,
openness. During a coup he was arrested by
opponents, but it failed and Soviets began to
declare their independence. The Soviet Union
abruptly collapsed.
George H. W. Bush
He was elected right before the Soviet Union
collapsed, and had to focus on foreign policy
as the Cold War abruptly ended and change
swept through Eastern Europe.
Boris Yeltsin
The Russian president who defied the Coup
leaders and outlawed the Communist party
after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Important Places and Why?
Important Events and Explanation.