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Unit 7 Notes: Compounds
All atoms will try to gain or lose __________ until they have _________ valence
electrons.
Metals will __________ electrons and nonmetals will __________ electrons.
Example:
After an atom has gained or lost electrons, it has a ___________ and is called an
_________. A positive ion is called a ___________ and a negative ion is called an
___________.
These charges are called ___________ ___________.
Using the periodic table for oxidation numbers:
What are the oxidation numbers for the following elements?
Fr _____
Au _____
Kr _____
C _____
Ba _____
Na ______
S ______
O _____
___________ ____________ occurs when metals make compounds with nonmetals.
___________ ____________ occurs when only nonmetals are making compounds
with each other. Electrons are ___________.
Example: Carbon Dioxide
Water
Label the following compounds ionic or covalent:
NaCl _________
H2O _________
CO _________
CaF2 _________
AgBr _________
NO _________
___________ ____________ occurs when metals are sharing electrons with each
other.
IONIC
COVALENT
METALLIC
Ionic compounds that just have 2 elements are called ___________ ionic compounds.
When naming binary ionic compounds, write the name of the __________ and change
the ending of the nonmetal to _________.
NaCl ________________________________
BaO ________________________________
K2S _________________________________
AlP _________________________________
LiBr _________________________________
ZnI2 ________________________________
Sr3N2 _______________________________
When an ionic compound has more than 2 elements, it contains a _______________
_______________. These are groups of atoms that act like one ion when bonding with
other elements. Use your polyatomic ion sheet to help name these compounds.
CuSO4
__________________________________________
KMnO4
__________________________________________
Ca3 (PO4)2 __________________________________________
Fe(OH) 2
__________________________________________
NaNO3
__________________________________________
NaNO2
__________________________________________
NaHCO3
__________________________________________
CaCO3
__________________________________________
NH4Cl
__________________________________________
(NH4) 3PO4 __________________________________________
Writing Formulas (ionic):
When atoms combine to make compounds, the overall charge is _____.
Atoms will gain, lose, and share e- so that each atom can have _____ valence e- while
still maintaining an overall ____________ charge.
1. Write ___________ for each element or polyatomic ion. (Metal is always written
first!)
2. Write the __________ ___________ above each symbol. (Positive element
always written first!)
3. Swap-n-drop charges to make them ____________.
4. ____________ if necessary: Ca2O2 = __________.
Write the correct chemical formulas for the following compounds:
sodium chloride
sodium oxide
sodium nitride
aluminum sulfide
potassium iodide
aluminum phosphide
magnesium bromide
lithium phosphide
francium oxide
Sometimes transition metals have more than one possible charge. The name will
include a ____________ ____________ so that you will know which charge to use.
Iron (II) oxide
silver (I) sulfide
tin (IV) chloride
Use your polyatomic ion sheet to look up charges when a compound is not binary. Use
parentheses when necessary!
Magnesium phosphate
copper (II) sulfate
sodium hydroxide
Beryllium nitrate
aluminum hydroxide
tin (IV) phosphate
Naming covalent compounds:
Covalent compounds occur when nonmetals ___________ e-.
1. Use ____________ to represent the number of atoms present.
mono:
hexa:
di:
hepta:
tri:
octa:
tetra:
nona:
penta:
2. Still change the ending of the 2nd element to ____________.
CO2
N2Cl4
CS2
CO
P2S5
N2O4
Carbon monosulfide
tetrasulfur tetranitride
Disulfur hexabromide
iodine heptafluoride
Boron trihydride
dinitrogen tetraoxide