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XES: CHAPTER 7 REVIEW –
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY: STRUCTURE, SPECIES INTERACTIONS, SUCCESSION, AND SUSTAINABILITY
Use the clues below to fill in the crossword puzzle.
Across
1. Consumer organism that lives on or in and feeds on a
living plant or animal, known as the host, over an extended
period of time.
4. Species that migrate into an ecosystem or are
deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem
by humans.
5. Type of species interaction in which both participating
species generally benefit.
8. Organism that is captured and serves as a source of
food for an organism of another species (the predator).
14. Process in which communities of plant and animal
species in a particular area are replaced over time by a
series of different and often more complex communities.
16. The ability of an ecosystem to resist being disturbed.
Down
2. The existence of a greater number of species and a
higher population density in a transition zone (ecotone)
between two ecosystems than in either adjacent
ecosystem.
3. Fairly stable, self-sustaining community in an advanced
stage of ecological succession.
6. Ability of a living system to resist being disturbed or
altered.
7. Species with a narrow ecological niche. They may be
able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a
narrow range of climatic and other environmental
conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.
8. Interaction between species in which one organism,
called the parasite, preys on another organism, called the
host, by living on or in the host.
9. Species that normally live and thrive in a particular
ecosystem.
10. Organism that captures and feeds on parts or all of an
organism of another species (the prey).
11. First hardy species, often microbes, mosses, and lichens
that begin colonizing a site as the first stage of ecological
succession.
12. Plant or animal on which a parasite feeds.
13. Species that play roles affecting many other organisms
in an ecosystem.
15. Ability of a living system, such as a population, to
maintain a certain size.
Question
1. An epiphyte lives on a tree and
receives a better habitat and
access to the sun – what type
of relationship is this?
2. Species rich environments
tends to have _______ species
diversity but ______ species
abundance.
3. What are five different species
interactions that may occur in
communities?
4. What are four species rich
environments?
5. What are some adaptations
predators have to make them
better at catching their prey?
6. What are some adaptations
prey species have to help them
escape capture by predators?
7. What are the two different
types of succession?
8. What are three factors may
affect diversity?
9. What are three other terms for
nonnative species?
10. What are three ways in which
resources can be partitioned?
11. What are two examples of
pioneer species?
12. What determines species
abundance?
13. What does the precautionary
principle state?
Answer
Commensalism (+/0)
14. What effect is created by
difference is physical
appearance at boundaries
between ecosystems?
15. What effect results when there
are mostly large communities
with a mosaic of different types
of vegetation?
16. What four characteristics make
up community structure?
17. What is a distinct event that
disrupts an ecosystem or
community?
Edge effect
High diversity, Low abundance
Competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism,
mutualism
Tropical rain forest, coral reef, deep sea, large tropical
lakes
Speed, stealth, claw/fang
Camouflage, chemical warfare, warning coloration,
mimicry, behavioral strategies
Primary and secondary
Latitude, depth, and pollution
Alien, invasive, exotic
Using different parts, using at different times, using in
different ways
Lichens and mosses
Number of individuals
We should try to prevent potential harm to an
ecosystem even though we don’t understand all of the
cause-and-effects
• “better safe than sorry
Patch effect (vegetation patches)
Physical appearance, species richness/diversity,
species abundance, niche structure
Disturbance
18. What is a gradual and fairly
predictable change in species
composition over time?
Succession
19. What is a species that plays a
critical role in an ecosystem?
20. What is a way in which two
species with similar resource
requirements can coexist
because the resources are
divided up slightly differently?
21. What is it called when members
of the same species compete
for a resource?
22. What is the actual location
where an organism lives
called?
23. What is the final and stable
community in an ecosystem?
24. What is the name of the first
species to colonize an area in
primary succession?
25. What is the role an organism
plays in an ecosystem?
26. What term describes
populations of all species living
and interacting in an area at a
particular time?
What three factors play a role in
ecosystem stability?
27. What type of competition is in
when a nonnative species
moves into an area and
outcompetes or crowds out the
native species in that area?
28. What type of relationship
consists of a lion hunting down,
killing, and then eating a
zebra?
29. What type of relationships
consists of a flea living on a
dog?
30. What type of species is newly
introduced into an area and
can typically crowd out the
native species in that area?
31. What type of succession occurs
where there was no ecosystem
before?
32. What types of plants would you
find in the late communities
during primary succession?
Keystone
Resource Partitioning
Intraspecific competition
Habitat
Climax community
Pioneer species
Niche
Community
Inertia, resilience, constancy
Interspecific Competition
Predation
Parasitism
Invasive
Primary
Trees
33. What would be an example of
a nonnative species?
34. What would be an example of
an indicator species?
35. What would be examples of
human caused disturbances?
36. What would be examples of
natural disturbances?
37. What would be two examples
of keystone species?
38. When two species interact and
both benefit – what is this type
of relationship called?
39. Which type of species have
broad niches, can live in many
places, and use a variety of
resources?
40. Which type of species have
narrow niches and live only in
specific places?
41. Which type of species may
serve as early warnings that a
community or ecosystem is
being damaged?
42. Which type of species
originated and normally lives
and thrives in an ecosystem?
Vary
Amphibians, birds…
Deforestation, overgrazing, plowing, fire
Hurricane, fire, tornadoes, drought, flooding
Sea otter, flying fox
Mutualism
Generalists
Specialists
Indicator
Native