Download Viruses and Bacteria Multiple Choice (1 point each) Identify the

Viruses and Bacteria
Multiple Choice (1 point each)
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Bacteria can be classified according to their
a. type of cell walls.
b. methods of obtaining energy.
c. Gram-staining characteristics.
d. All of the above
____
2. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the organisms shown has the shape called bacillus?
a. organism 1
c. organism 3
b. organism 2
d. None of the above
____
3. Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by organism 3 is called
a. coccus.
c. bacillus.
b. spirillum.
d. filamentous.
____
4. Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as
a. prokaryotes.
c. anaerobes.
b. aerobes.
d. eukaryotes.
____
5. The cytoplasm of bacteria
a. contains numerous types of organelles.
b. is divided into compartments.
c. has varying numbers of chromosomes, depending on the species of bacteria.
d. contains a single chromosome.
____
6. Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?
a.
b.
c.
d.
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
smaller
circular chromosomes
binary fission
chloroplasts
larger
linear chromosomes
mitosis
mitochondria
____
7. Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are
a. cell nuclei.
b. multiple chromosomes.
c. membrane-bound organelles.
d. All of the above
____
8. Bacterial cells
a. have a cell wall only.
b. have a cell membrane only.
c. have both a cell membrane and cell wall.
d. have a cell wall inside their cell membrane.
____
9. One thing that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes is the presence of
a. chloroplasts.
c. nuclei.
b. mitochondria.
d. DNA.
____ 10. Bacterial endospores
a. occur where there is plenty of available food.
b. allow certain species to survive harsh environmental conditions.
c. are similar to human tumors.
d. can cause growth abnormalities in plants.
____ 11. Which of the following are used by at least some bacteria for movement?
a. pili
b. flagella
c. cytoplasmic projections
d. All of the above
____ 12. Autotrophic eukaryotes and autotrophic prokaryotes differ in that some autotrophic prokaryotes
a. are decomposers.
b. can use the energy from inorganic chemicals.
c. have membrane-bound organelles.
d. cannot manufacture their own food.
____ 13. Which of the following conditions would be unsuitable for any kind of bacteria to grow?
a. temperature of 110ºC (230ºF)
b. absence of oxygen
c. pH of 5
d. None of the above
____ 14. Prokaryotes can transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a. binary fission.
c. conjugation.
b. mitosis.
d. sexual reproduction.
____ 15. During the process of transduction
a. a virus obtains DNA from a host bacterium.
b. a bacterial cell takes in DNA from the external environment.
c. one bacterium transfers DNA to another.
d. two bacteria exchange DNA.
____ 16. A pathogen is an agent that is
a. beneficial to humans.
b. harmful only to plants.
c. harmful to living organisms.
d. nearly extinct.
____ 17. Antibiotics
a. include penicillin and tetracycline.
b. may prevent bacteria from making new cell walls.
c. can be effective treatments for bacterial diseases.
d. All of the above
____ 18. All of the following are habitats of archaea except
a. volcanic vents.
b. intestinal tract of cows.
c. salt lakes.
d. human skin.
____ 19. Which of the following is not a way of preventing a foodborne illness at home?
a. washing kitchen utensils thoroughly in cold water
b. keeping cooked and raw foods separate during storage
c. washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them
d. refrigerating leftovers promptly
____ 20. Viruses are considered nonliving because
a. they cannot reproduce by themselves.
b. they are not made up of cells.
c. they cannot carry out metabolism by themselves.
d. All of the above
____ 21. The study of viruses is a part of biology because
a. they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria.
b. they are about to become extinct.
c. they are living organisms.
d. they are active inside living cells.
____ 22. The capsid of a virus is the
a. protective outer coat.
b. cell membrane.
c. nucleus.
d. cell wall and membrane complex.
____ 23. Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe DNA from an RNA template are
called
a. bacteriophages.
c. retroviruses.
b. antibodies.
d. capsoviruses.
____ 24. Which of the following contains only RNA?
a. a prion
b. a virus
c. a viroid
d. All of the above
____ 25. Unlike viruses, prions
a. are capable of reproducing outside of a host cell.
b. are composed only of protein.
c. can cause brain infections.
d. can be treated with antibiotics.
____ 26. Refer to the illustration above. Which structure could possibly be made of RNA?
a. structure 2
c. structure 4
b. structure 3
d. structure 5
____ 27. Refer to the illustration above. Which structure is found outside the cell after the cell is infected?
a. structure 1
c. structure 3
b. structure 2
d. structure 4
____ 28. In which cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
a. lytic
b. lysogenic
c. neither lytic nor lysogenic
d. both lytic and lysogenic
____ 29. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. host cells protect the viruses.
b. viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics.
c. antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not perform.
d. viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
____ 30. Which of the following is not a viral disease of humans?
a. hepatitis
b. SARS
c. shingles
d. All of the above are viral diseases of humans.
____ 31. Which of the following is not linked to cancer?
a. Ebola virus
c. hepatitis B virus
b. human papillomavirus
d. Epstein-Barr virus
____ 32. HIV causes AIDS by
a. converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene.
b. damaging a person’s blood vessels.
c. destroying the covering of a person’s nerves.
d. gradually destroying a person’s immune system.
____ 33. Which of the following is not a vector of viral diseases?
a. mosquitoes
c. prions
b. ticks
d. humans
____ 34. Which of the following has been the most successful at fighting viral diseases?
a. vaccination
b. vector control
c. drug therapy
d. Both a and b
Completion (4 points each)
Complete each statement.
35. A spiral bacterium is called a(n) ____________________.
36. Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.
37. Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.
38. Many bacteria are ____________________ and must have oxygen to live, whereas other bacteria are
____________________ and cannot live where oxygen is present.
39. Bacteria that can survive either with or without oxygen are called _________________________.
40. ____________________ are poisons that can cause disease when bacteria secrete them into their
environment.
41. The replication of a temperate virus includes the ____________________ cycle.
42. In the ____________________ cycle, viruses destroy the host cell.
Essay
43. (18 points) Choose THREE ways BACTERIA are beneficial citing the Bug Catalog you read last week. Be
SPECIFIC!
Problem
44. (10 points) A new disease has suddenly appeared and scientists are trying to determine whether the disease
agent is a virus or a bacterium. They collect the following information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The disease can be transmitted through the air.
The disease agent is too small to be seen under a light microscope.
There are no known antibiotics that are effective against the disease.
The genetic material of the disease agent is DNA.
The disease agent cannot be cultured using any known culture medium.
Is the disease agent most likely a bacterium or a virus? Explain your answer. Write your answer in the space
below.
45. ( 6 points) You have been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection most commonly caused by Escheria coli.
Your doctor receives the following slide and now must determine the best mode of treatment.
Antibiotics
A. Amoxicillin is very similar to penicillin in that it causes the certain death of bacteria by breaking down the
pathogen’s cell wall.
B. Tetracycline is called a “broad-range” antibiotic that can lessen the effect of many types of bacterial
infections.
What is the gram stain of this bacterium?
a. Which antibiotic would you choose?