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Minerals are all
around us.
LESSON 2.1
Minerals have 4 characteristics.
Minerals have four
characteristics.
A mineral is a substance
that
1.
Forms in nature
2.
Is a solid
3.
Has a definite
chemical makeup
4.
Has a crystal
structure
Minerals have 4 characteristics.

Minerals and rocks
are not the same
thing.

Unlike a mineral, a
rock only has 2 of the
4 characteristics that
a mineral has.

A rock usually
contains two or more
types of minerals.
Formed in Nature
 Minerals
are formed
by natural process.
 Every
mineral can be
created in nature and
does not involve living
organisms.
 Minerals
form in
different ways.
Solid
A
mineral is a solid;
it has a definite
shape and volume.
Definite Chemical Makeup
 Each
mineral is made
up of a specific
combination of atoms
of certain elements.
 An
element is a
substance that contains
only one type of atom.
 An
element is the
smallest particle that an
element can be divided
into.
Definite Chemical Makeup
 Everything
you see
can be made up of
atoms.
 Minerals
such as gold
and copper consist of
one element.
 Most
substances
consist of several
elements.
Definite Chemical Makeup
 The
types of atoms
that make up a
mineral is what makes
the mineral unique.
 The way that the
atoms are joined
together is also
important.
Crystal Structure
 Crystals
have smooth flat
surfaces.
 The
flat surface form
because of the
arrangement of atoms in
the ice, which is a mineral.
 It
is the structure of a
crystal, a solid in which the
atoms are arrange in the
orderly, repeating 3D
pattern.
Crystal Structure

Each mineral has its own type of crystal
structure.

In some cases, two minerals have the
same chemical composition but
different crystal structures.

For example, both diamond and
graphite consist of the same elementcarbon.

The carbon atoms are arranged
differently causing the two minerals to
have different structures and properties.
Crystal Structure

A perfect crystal is
rare.

One can only grow
when a mineral is free
to form in an open
space.

The space that
available for growth
determines the size of
the crystal.
Minerals are grouped
according to composition.

Scientist classify minerals
onto groups on the basis
of their chemical
makeups.

Silicates are the most
common group.
They contain
-
Oxygen
-
Silicon
Crystal Shapes
Minerals are grouped
according to composition.

Only about 30 minerals
are common in Earth’s
crust.

The minerals make up
most of the rocks and
are called rock-forming
minerals.

Silicates make up about
90% of the rocks on
Earth.
Minerals are grouped
according to composition.

The second most common
group of rock-forming
minerals is the carbonates.

All the minerals in this
group contain carbon
and oxygen joined
together.

Calcite, which is common
in seashells, is a carbonate
mineral.
Minerals are grouped
according to composition.

There are many more
important mineral
groups.

A mineral group known
as oxides contains the
minerals from which
most metals, such as tin
and copper, are refined.