Download Geology Study Guide

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GEOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
This will be an open note test. You will be allowed to use both sides of the 5” by 8”
index card provided to take notes. This note card will be turned in with your test.
Main concepts
 Composition of the Earth
 Theory of Continental Drift/ Plate tectonics
 Movement/ Interaction of Plates, Faults, Boundaries
 Earthquakes—Causes, Energy Waves, Consequences
 Volcanoes—Causes, Types of Volcanoes, Consequences
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1. Please draw and label the following structures/layers of the Earth:
Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
Lithosphere Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
2. What is the difference between the crust and the lithosphere?
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3. How did Alfred Wegener build evidence for this theory of continental drift?
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4. What happens to the age of the crust as you move further away from a sea-floor
spreading center?
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5. What is the theory of plate tectonics?
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6. What are three possible causes for tectonic plate movement?
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7. What are three ways that MOUNTAINS can be formed?
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8. Where do earthquakes tend to occur?
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9. How do seismologists locate the starting point of an earthquake?
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10. Label each fault type and write a brief description of how these faults are formed.
a)
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b)
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c)
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11. What is the different between an anticline and a syncline? You can use a drawing
to illustrate this if you’d like.
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12. Mid-ocean ridges are associated with
a) Divergent boundaries
b) Transform boundaries
c) Convergent boundaries
d) Normal boundaries
13. What are the characteristics of the STRONGEST type of earthquake?
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14. Fill in the blank with correct vocabulary:
S- Wave
P-Wave
Elastic rebound
Elastically deformed
Pyroclastic material
Pahoehoe
A’a
Strike-slip
a) When rock is ________________________________, energy builds up in it.
b) _____________waves cannot travel through parts of the Earth that are
completely liquid.
c) When rock “snaps” back to its original shape,
_______________________________occurs.
d) ___________________ lava cools in wavy rope-like folds.
e) _____________waves are the fastest seismic waves and they travel as a
longitudinal pressure wave.
f) The San Andreas Fault is an example of a ___________________ fault.
g) _____________________lava has a rough texture with blocks of lava
h) Volcanic ash is a kind of ______________________________also known as
Tephra.
15. Compare the composition of magma in an explosive and non-explosive eruption.
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16. Where do volcanoes tend to form? Why? Think about the types of plate
boundaries.
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17. Briefly explain why the ash from a volcanic eruption can be hazardous.
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18. Compare the types of volcanoes:
Type of
Shape
volcano
Shield volcano
Type of eruption
What is the volcano
made of?
Composite
volcano
Cinder cone
19. Describe how a solid rock on top of the crust can become a part of the mantle
magma.
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20. Briefly describe the formation of each type of rock (Igneous, Sedimentary,
Metamorphic.)
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21. What is the difference between a crater and a caldera?
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22. How does magma form in the mantle and eventually rise through the crust?
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23. Write your own test question here and include the answer below. This might
appear on the test!
Question:_________________________________________________________
Answer:
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