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Practice Questions – Chapter 4 Biodiversity and Evolution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. What are the four major components of biological diversity? What is the importance of biodiversity? What is an endemic species? Why is it vulnerable to extinction? Distinguish between mass extinction and background extinction. What is species diversity? Distinguish between species richness and species diversity and give an example of each. Describe the “Theory of Island Biogeography”. Illustrate your answer. What is an “ecological niche”? Distinguish between generalist species and specialist species and give an example of each. What are the reasons that the amphibians are vanishing? List some reasons why we should protect them. Describe the role of a beaver as a foundation species. Give three reasons why we should protect sharks from being driven to extinction. Explain what could happen to the ecosystem where American alligators live if the alligators went extinct. Include a plant and an animal species (other than alligators) that would seriously be affected. Describe how each might respond to the changes in their environmental conditions. Is the human species a keystone species? Explain. If humans were to become extinct, what are three species that might also become extinct and three species whose populations would probably grow? Vocabulary Words Biological evolution Natural selection Adaptive trait Differential reproduction Speciation Geographic isolation Reproductive isolation Genetic engineering Native species Non-native species Indicator species Keystone species Foundation species