Download Notes chapter 10 (1)

Name_________________________
Chapter 10 ------Biodiversity.
Biodiversity =The number of ___________________________ in a specific area.
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Having many different species is_______________for an ecosystem=_____________
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Many relationships = ________________________________=plants + animals
Extinction=When the last member of a ______________________________
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It is thought that ____________ of species ever here on earth have become ______________
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How much extinction is natural? Is it happening at a faster rate? Should we prevent extinctions?
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1.7 __________________ known species on earth
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Could be another 8 million to _______________________
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Species diversity= # of ____________________________in area
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Ecosystem diversity = # ______________________________and communities in an area
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Genetic diversity= # _________________________in a population (ex. How many genes for fur
color in the squirrel population in the Mass. )
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A Gene is a piece of ______________ that codes ___________________________
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What happens if the dragonflies become extinct in the diagram?
Keystone species “_________________________________together-like the fish in the middle
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Keystone Species here is the ____________________
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Sea otters __________________-Sea Urchin numbers greatly _________________ eat kelp
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Kelp levels very ________Protect otters and their levels increase so Urchin levels ____________.
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This allows kelp levels to ______________________
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(Otter very important to keeping levels of organisms from getting too low/high=keystone)
Why is it so important to have many kinds of species?
1. population __________________(food webs)
2. ____________________,Industrial and agricultural uses•
Many _________________from fungi (penicillin)
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Many _________________ we eat are hybrids of two related species
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Can’t rely on too few food sources (______________________)
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Undiscovered species could bring ________________________
3. Species have a ________________________________- valuable or not
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______________________________$$$$
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Tourism that __________________________________ and sustainable development of
ecologically unique areas
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Safaris-rainforests etc
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But many tourist spots are environment based: Yellowstone, Black Hills, Acadia National Park
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Humans _________________beautiful environments. Do you?
10-2 Biodiversity at Risk
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______________extinction= ___________________________in a short time
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Happened a number of times, usually associated with ____________________________
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_________________(1800-2100) maybe 25% of all species have/will become extinct
Human cause-habitat destruction. HOW??_______________________________________________
Who becomes extinct?
Organisms that have large populations and can______________________ are not likely to become
extinct-ex.rats, cockroaches
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Organisms with ______________________in limited areas are likely to become extinct
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If you _________________or need a large habitat (likely)
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__________________by humans (likely)
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Endangered=likely to become extinct without ________________________
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Threatened=declining populations heading __________________________if not protected
Causes of extinction
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______________________- (destroying ecosystems) 75% become extinct because of this
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Introduction of ____________________________species
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_________________________
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________________________species (ex. over fishing)
Habitat destruction
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Land to ______________________ & harvest resources
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__________________habitats (broken up by roads) Need to build ______________
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Example. Florida panthers need a large area to roam to find food.
Invasive/Exotic Species
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__________________to a particular area- _________________in a place before
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Threaten native species because they have ______________________________against them
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Often ____________________________
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Often brought in by _____________________- ship/plane
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Brought in as _______________________ plant and then they __________________
Harvesting-Hunting-Poaching
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Excessive _______________-passenger pigeon-bison nearly extinct
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Rare species ________________________________, food, wood or herbal medicine
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Poaching=__________________________of protected species
Pollution
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______________________, cleaning agents, drugs are making their way into food webs.
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Long term effects are _______________________
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Bald Eagle was an example of a species endangered by ___________. (illegal to use here now
but _______________________________ here and used around the world)
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Newest info on bees is their death likely caused by ____________. Bees ______________many
(food) plants (I’ll try to look for new info)
Tropical Rainforests
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Cover ________of land surface
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Estimate that ________________________the world’s species live in them
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Most _____________________(described)
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Could be __________________________sources found there
Coral reefs
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Contain the ___________________marine biodiversity-area of ________________
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Provide millions of people with _________________________income
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Protect coasts from __________________
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Sources of _____________________
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60% are _____________________by human activities
Islands
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New ______________islands form.
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Colonized by ________________________of mainland species
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_____________________into new species (found nowhere else in the world)
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Also __________________________by invasive species like Hawaii’s Honeycreepers