Download 3.1 Bacteria and viruses flashcards

Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards
1)
What has had a greater impact on the
environment and on biological evolution than all
other forms of life combined?
2) What 5 structures do Prokaryotic cells contain?
Prokaryotes
3)
What is one of the most abundant cell types
below 1,000 meters in the ocean?
4) What uses carbon dioxide for energy and make
methane gas (flatulence) as a waste product?
Archaea
5)
Methanogens
What cannot live in an oxygen environment, but
can survive in animal bodies?
6)
Human intestinal gas is largely produced by
what?
7) Archaea that thrive in extremely salty places are
called what?
8) Archaea that thrive in areas with NO oxygen are
called what?
9) Bacteria that thrive in extremely hot places are
called what?
10) What is an essential ecological service that
bacteria perform?
11) What do humans depend on for our very survival
as well as their metabolic powers being helpful for
human benefit?
12) What has greatly reduced the incidence of
bacterial disease?
13) Bacteria’s cells come in what three shapes?
14) Bacteria are first classified by whether or not
they absorb a purple coloured dye called
__________?
15) Bacteria that absorb the dye are called what?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pili
Cell wall
Capsule
Ribosomes
No membrane-bound nucleus
Methanogens (an organism of the domain Archaea)
Archaea in our intestines
Halophiles (an organism of the domain Archaea)
There are no Archaea in this category, just bacteria
Thermophiles (an organism of the domain Archaea)
Recycling of chemicals
Bacteria
1. Improved Sanitation
2. Antibiotics
3. Education
1. Spheres (cocci)
2. Rods (bacilli)
3. Spirals (spirochetes)
Gram Stain
Gram Positive
16) Bacteria that do not absorb dye are called what?
Gram Negative
17) What type of bacteria are normal inhabitants on
our skin and as long as they don’t enter a wound
they do not cause disease?
Gram Positive
Flashcards
18) If bacteria get into broken skin they can cause
what symptoms?
19) What type of bacteria are normal inhabitants of
our intestines?
20) Gram Negative Bacteria are needed to do what?
1. Redness
2. Heat
3. Swelling
Gram Negative bacteria plus some Archaea
Digest and absorb food
21) Large numbers of Gram-negative bacteria are
excreted through what?
22) If Gram-negative bacteria get into our hands and
then onto our food and into our mouths, they can
enter what part of the body and cause serious
disease?
23) Why do Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria react different to the stain?
Feces
24) Any substance that can rupture ___________
will kill the whole organism.
25) What easily ruptures the plasma membrane or
bacteria?
Plasma Membrane
26) In Gram-negative organisms only, the outer
membrane contains a special structure called what?
27) What portion of the bacterial cell membrane does
our immune system recognise as being foreign?
28) One little piece of the LPS contains a substance
called what?
29) If Toxin A builds up in humans or animals, it can
cause what?
30) What are the functions of prokaryotic cell walls?
31) Unlike archaea, bacterial cell walls contain a unique
Upper portion of digestion tract
Differences in call walls and plasma membrane
1. Alcohol
2. Soap
3. Detergents
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Toxin A
Septic Shock (Blood Poisoning)
maintain cell shape, provide physical protection, and
prevents the cell from bursting in the hypotonic
environment
Peptidoglycan
substance called
32) What is the protein sheath that some bacteria
have, which covers the whole bacterium?
33) The purpose of a _______ is to store nutrients
and also to protect it from phagocytosis by our
protective white blood cells which are trying to eat
it and kill it.
34) What is the region of a prokaryotic call that
contains the cell’s DNA?
35) What is a whip-like tail used for motility?
36) What are the short, thin appendages that help
prokaryotes adhere to surfaces, such as a rock or
cells?
37) Name the two classifications of bacteria
Capsule
Capsule
Nucleoid
Flagellum
Pili
Gram positive and Gram negative
Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards
38) Name the three basic shapes of Gram positive
and Gram negative bacteria
39) Name the bacterium that causes food poisoning
and typhoid fever
40) Name the bacterium that causes the most
common sexually transmitted disease in the United
States
41) When essential nutrients are depleted, certain
gram-positive bacteria form specialized resting
cells. This is called?
42) What are two examples of bacteria that make
endospores?
43) What causes diseases such as gangrene, tetanus,
botulism, and food poisoning?
44) What can survive for many years in extreme
heat, lack of water, and exposure to toxic
chemicals, radiation, and can even survive boiling
water for hours?
45) You culture the dried soup from a 4,000-year-old
Bacilli, cocci, and spirochetes
Salmonella
Chlamydia
Endospores
Clostridium and Bacillus
Clostridium
Endospores
endospore-forming
cooking pot found in an Egyptian tomb and obtain a
distinctive species of prokaryote. You immerse a
sample of these bacteria in boiling water for several
hours and then culture it, and the colony grows back.
The species is probably what?
46) What is the only way to kill endospores?
An Autoclave
47) What gave Earth its oxygen-containing
atmosphere?
48) What functions as decomposers?
49) What is the Greek word meaning ‘living
together’ and refers to the ecologist relationship
between organisms of different species that are in
direct contact?
50) The relationship where both symbiotic organisms
benefit is called?
51) What is the relationship where one organism
benefits while neither harming nor helping the
other organism?
52) What is the relationship where one organism
benefits at the expense of the host?
53) What is the most widespread disease carried by
pests caused by deer ticks that carry bacterium?
54) What disease can cause a ring-shaped rash
around a tick bite that if left untreated can
progresses to arthritis, heart disease, and nervous
system disorders?
Cyanobacteria
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Lyme disease
Lyme disease
Flashcards
55) Patient comes to the doctor because of a large, bull's-
Lyme disease
eye-shaped, red rash that has a clear patch in the center
and an insect bite in the middle of the rash. The patient
lives in a rural area of the United States where deer are
common. What disease do they have?
56) What causes food poisoning and typhoid fever?
57) What type of symbiont is harmless to the human
intestines but pathogenic strains causes bloody
diarrhea?
58) What deadly bacteria are used for a bioterrorism
weapon?
59) What is Bioremediation?
60) What decomposer helps mining industries
recover metals from ores?
61) How can humans modify bacteria to produce
vitamins, antibiotics, and insulin?
62) What produces large amounts of hydrogen to
reduce dependence on fossil fuel?
63) What are the smallest of all microbes, with no
cells (acellular) and do not have their own
metabolism?
64) Viruses use host cells for what?
65) Viruses must live inside a host cell meaning they
are?
66) What is an example of an obligate intracellular
Salmonella
E coli
Bacillus anthrax
the use of organisms to remove pollutants from soil,
air, or water
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
Genetic engineering
Bacteria
Viruses
Metabolism and replication
Obligate intracellular parasites
HIV / AIDS
parasite?
67) Each type of virus can infect only a limited range
of host cells this means the virus is?
68) What is a harmless piece of pathogenic microbe
that will stimulate the body’s own immune system
to mount natural attack against the whole
pathogen?
69) What are vaccines used for?
70) Why are antibiotics ineffective for treatment of a
viral infection?
71) What is it called when you come in contact with
the body fluids or lesions of an infected person?
(ex. Catching herpes from kissing someone with a
cold sore)
72) What is the term used to describe when the
organism is suspended in the air and carried by
moisture away from the host?
73) What is an example of airborne transmission?
Host Specific
A vaccine
To prevent some viral infections
Antibiotics work by interfering with cell wall
synthesis or metabolism; since virus don’t have
these things, they are not effective.
Direct Contact
Airborne transmission
Catching a cold after someone with a cold sneezed
in the same room before you walked in.
Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards
74) What is the term used when the organism falls
onto an inanimate object and lives there until
picked up by another host?
75) What is an example of vehicle transmission?
76) What is the term used when the animal carries
the disease from host to another?
77) What is an example of vector transmission?
78) What is an organism that causes disease?
79) The type of pathogen that only causes disease
when they have an opportunity?
80) What are some STD viruses?
81) What is the virus that infects white blood cells?
82) What are some diseases that are the example of a
Herpes virus?
83) What part of the body does Herpes infect?
84) What does type 1 Herpes virus cause?
85) What does type 2 Herpes virus cause?
86) Which virus is transmitted through unwashed
hands after bathroom?
87) How Hepatitis A is transmitted sexually?
88) What kind of virus is transmitted if you or a food
worker does not wash the hands after going to the
bathroom, and then you eat?
89) What kind of virus is spread primarily by sexual
contact or sharing needles by drug users?
90) How Hepatitis B is spread primarily?
91) What kind of Hepatitis is taken from infected
blood?
92) Name STDs that are caused by bacteria?
93) What kind of STD bacteria is the leading STD in
U.S.?
94) What kind of sexually transmitted infection is
more obvious in women than men?
95) What happens if a new-born comes through the
birth canal of a woman with Chlamydia?
96) What kind of sexually transmitted infection will
infect the sight of the New-born?
97) What kind of sexually transmitted infection is
more obvious in men than in women?
98) How many stages does Syphilis have?
99) What is the primary stage of Syphilis?
100) What is the secondary stage of Syphilis?
101) What is the tertiary stage of Syphilis?
Vehicle transmission
A cold virus you can catch by picking up a public
telephone or getting Salmonella food poisoning from
getting raw chicken juices on a kitchen counter
Vector transmission
Getting malaria from a mosquito
A pathogen
And opportunistic pathogen
HIV/ AIDS, Herpes
HIV/ AIDS
Chicken pox and Mononucleosis
Mucosal linings such as mouth and vagina
Cold sores and fever blister
Genital herpes (blisters on the genitals)
Hepatitis A
Through oral/anal contact
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Sexual contacts and sharing needles by drug users
Hepatitis C
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis
Chlamydia
Chlamydia
Its eyes become infected and results in blindness
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
3
An ulcerated sore
Skin rash
Attacking the brain
Flashcards
102) What kind of sexually transmitted infection has
the three stages of ulcerated throat, skin rash and
attacking the brain?
103) How is the Syphilis treated?
104) In what stage of syphilis there is no cure?
105) What stage of Syphilis is fatal?
106) What single cell parasite is transmitted sexually
and causes severe itchiness a woman’s vagina?
107) What kind of infection is caused When a woman
takes an antibiotic while using birth-control pills?
108) What kind of infection is caused when the
normal balance of bacteria is disrupted by taking
antibiotics?
109) What is well known for infecting the hair of
schoolchildren?
110) What are the lice on the pubic hair called?
111) Which kind of lice is sexually transmitted?
112) What kind of STD can be contracted by contact
with an infected person’s clothing or bedding?
Syphilis
Penicillin
Third stage (Attacking the brain)
Third stage (Attacking the brain)
Trichomonas
Fungi and Yeast
Fungi and Yeast infections
Head lice
Crabs
Crabs (Lice on the pubic hair)
Crabs