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Section 1 Choosing Sides Chapter 16 history notes Eight Southern states had to choose between secession and staying with the Union after Ft. Sumter ~VA, NC, TN and AR chose to secede ~Confederacy moved capital to Richmond, VA Border states KY, MD, MO and DE stayed with the Union but many people supported the South West Virginia 48 counties in NW VA broke away to form new state Comparing T CHART offensive Names To be on the attack South- Confederates, rebels, Rebs or Johnny Reb, Grays Battle of Bull Run General “Stonewall” Jackson North- Union, Yankees, Billy Yanks or Blues First major battle of Civil War ~ Rebels retreated at first then pushed Union troops back ~also known as Manassas Inspired Confederacy to hold on at Bull Run by standing firm “as a stone wall” General George McClellan War at Sea Commander of Union army of the East- Army of the Potomac ~chosen by Lincoln to organize the army Union blockaded the South ~blockade runners would sail in and out of ports until blockade was reinforced Ironclads Each side made ships covered in metal ~Merrimac and Monitor fought each other all day- neither side won Union was HQ’d at Cairo, IL with Ulysses Grant in command ~Union had many early successes ~Grant demanded “unconditional surrender” War in the West Battle of Shiloh Battle near Corinth, MS with some of the most bitter, bloodiest fighting of the war ~20,000 casualties in 2 days casualties People killed or wounded David Union naval commander who captured New Orleans Farragut ~cut off Conf. access to MS River Peninsular Attempt by McClellan to capture Richmond in 1862 Campaign ~McClellan was too cautious ~Union troops could hear bells from Richmond ~Union failed Robert E. Lee Took command of all Conf. army Antietam The single bloodiest day of the Civil War ~Lee had invaded MD ~McClellan had Lee’s plans but acted slowly emancipate To set free Emancipation Document signed by Lincoln that freed all slaves held in Proclamation areas in rebellion ~did not apply to areas in the Union or held by the Union ~didn’t actually free anyone ~convinced Europe to withhold recognition of Confederacy th 13 Ratified in 1865- truly freed the slaves Amendment African Fought for the North once they were permitted Americans in ~served as spies the war ~10% of army and 18% of navy th 54 MA 1st African American army unit regiment ~had white officers ~served bravely Women in Performed many jobs that helped soldiers and armies the War ~some were spies ~some wore disguises and fought ~thousands served as nurses-Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton and Sally Thomkins Copperheads “Peace Democrats” Habeas Guarantees individuals the right to a trial before being corpus jailed ~Lincoln suspended it several times draft bounties War and the Economy Southern victories Battle of Gettysburg Vicksburg Gettysburg Address Total War Appomattox Courthouse Requiring men to serve in the army Payments to encourage enlistment Both sides raised money by borrowing money, increasing taxes and printing money ~printing caused inflation the South defeated a larger Union force at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville ~ Stonewall Jackson was shot by his own men at Chancellorsville-he died a week later The South failed in an invasion of the North- The turning point of the war Grant laid siege to the town ~it surrendered on July 4 1863 ~gave Union control of MS River 2 minute speech at cemetery dedication ~Lincoln expressed what the war meant- focused on ideals William Tecumseh Sherman’s strategy of destroying anything useful to the enemy ~he cut a 50-mile path from Atlanta to Savannah in his “march to the sea” Lee surrendered to Grant ending the Civil War ~Grant was generous in his terms