Download Chapter 16 history notes

Section 1
Choosing
Sides
Chapter 16 history notes
Eight Southern states had to choose between secession and
staying with the Union after Ft. Sumter
~VA, NC, TN and AR chose to secede
~Confederacy moved capital to Richmond, VA
Border states KY, MD, MO and DE stayed with the Union but many people
supported the South
West Virginia
48 counties in NW VA broke away to form new state
Comparing
T CHART
offensive
Names
To be on the attack
South- Confederates, rebels, Rebs or Johnny Reb, Grays
Battle of Bull
Run
General
“Stonewall”
Jackson
North- Union, Yankees, Billy Yanks or Blues
First major battle of Civil War
~ Rebels retreated at first then pushed Union troops back
~also known as Manassas
Inspired Confederacy to hold on at Bull Run by standing
firm “as a stone wall”
General
George
McClellan
War at Sea
Commander of Union army of the East- Army of the
Potomac
~chosen by Lincoln to organize the army
Union blockaded the South
~blockade runners would sail in and out of ports until
blockade was reinforced
Ironclads
Each side made ships covered in metal
~Merrimac and Monitor fought each other all day- neither
side won
Union was HQ’d at Cairo, IL with Ulysses Grant in command
~Union had many early successes
~Grant demanded “unconditional surrender”
War in the
West
Battle of
Shiloh
Battle near Corinth, MS with some of the most bitter,
bloodiest fighting of the war
~20,000 casualties in 2 days
casualties
People killed or wounded
David
Union naval commander who captured New Orleans
Farragut
~cut off Conf. access to MS River
Peninsular
Attempt by McClellan to capture Richmond in 1862
Campaign
~McClellan was too cautious
~Union troops could hear bells from Richmond
~Union failed
Robert E. Lee Took command of all Conf. army
Antietam
The single bloodiest day of the Civil War
~Lee had invaded MD
~McClellan had Lee’s plans but acted slowly
emancipate
To set free
Emancipation Document signed by Lincoln that freed all slaves held in
Proclamation areas in rebellion
~did not apply to areas in the Union or held by the Union
~didn’t actually free anyone
~convinced Europe to withhold recognition of Confederacy
th
13
Ratified in 1865- truly freed the slaves
Amendment
African
Fought for the North once they were permitted
Americans in ~served as spies
the war
~10% of army and 18% of navy
th
54 MA
1st African American army unit
regiment
~had white officers
~served bravely
Women in
Performed many jobs that helped soldiers and armies
the War
~some were spies
~some wore disguises and fought
~thousands served as nurses-Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton
and Sally Thomkins
Copperheads “Peace Democrats”
Habeas
Guarantees individuals the right to a trial before being
corpus
jailed
~Lincoln suspended it several times
draft
bounties
War and the
Economy
Southern
victories
Battle of
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Address
Total War
Appomattox
Courthouse
Requiring men to serve in the army
Payments to encourage enlistment
Both sides raised money by borrowing money, increasing
taxes and printing money
~printing caused inflation
the South defeated a larger Union force at Fredericksburg
and Chancellorsville
~ Stonewall Jackson was shot by his own men at
Chancellorsville-he died a week later
The South failed in an invasion of the North- The turning
point of the war
Grant laid siege to the town
~it surrendered on July 4 1863
~gave Union control of MS River
2 minute speech at cemetery dedication
~Lincoln expressed what the war meant- focused on ideals
William Tecumseh Sherman’s strategy of destroying
anything useful to the enemy
~he cut a 50-mile path from Atlanta to Savannah in his
“march to the sea”
Lee surrendered to Grant ending the Civil War
~Grant was generous in his terms