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Pedigree Notes A pedigree is a diagram of family relationships that uses symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships. These diagrams make it a lot easier to visualize relationships within families, particularly large extended families. Pedigrees are often used to determine the pattern of inheritance (dominant, recessive, X-linked, etc.) of genetic diseases. A sample pedigree is shown here: In a pedigree squares represent males, and circles represent females. Horizontal lines connecting a male and a female represent mating. Vertical lines extending downward from a couple represent their children. Subsequent generations are, therefore, written underneath the parental generation, and the oldest individuals are found at the top of the pedigree. If the purpose of a pedigree is to analyze the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait, it is customary to shade in the symbol of the individual that possess this trait. If the individual is a carrier of the trait but does not express it, often their symbol with be partially shaded. Patterns of inheritance include: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, etc. Here is a sample pedigree showing 3 generations: What are the relationships between: • Person 1 (generation 1) and Person 3 (generation 2) ________________________ • Person 5 (generation 2) and Person 6 (generation 2) ________________________ • Person 2 (generation 2) and Person 4 (generation 3) ________________________