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Reconstruction Reconstruction • • • • The period after the Civil War is known as _______________. It lasted from 1865-1877 Two huge questions faced the nation during this time period: How should ____________________ states be admitted back into the Union? What should be done with the now freed ________________? Freedman • • Near the end of the Civil War, Congress passed the ___________ Amendment. This change of the constitution _________________ slavery in the United States. A ________________________ or freeman is a person who has been freed from slavery. All former slaves were now freedman. What did the 13th Amendment do? Define Freedman: Freedman Problems • • • Many didn’t have jobs, homes or ______________________. Some looked for long-lost relatives. Most remained on the ________________________ they worked on as a slave for wages or a portion of the crop. Presidential Reconstruction Andrew ______________________________, as the President after Lincoln, set up four requirements for southern states to return to the union. 1. States had to accept the ______ amendment that ended slavery 2. States had to declare that their ____________ had been illegal 3. States had to cancel all war _________________ 4. To receive the right to ______________________, all adult white males had to take a loyalty oath to the United States. Presidential Reconstruction • • • • Andrew Johnson wanted to be ___________________ (take it easy) on the south. He didn’t want to punish them for secession or the Civil War. He wanted to support poor southern ___________________ and by doing so help heal the nation. Most southern states including _______________________, did not accept the 13th Amendment but instead outlawed slavery in their state constitutions. This example of “States Rights” made many in the _________ angry but President Johnson accepted the former Confederate states back into the Union anyway. Did former Confederates have to go to jail or receive any punishment for the Civil War under Presidential Reconstruction? • • Once Southern states were let back into the Union they reformed their state governments and the former ____________________________________ retook power. They immediately passed laws to limit the rights of the ______________________________. “Black Codes” • • • Southern states passed laws called “__________________ Codes” that made African Americans second class citizens. Freedman were forced to __________ or they could be sent to jail and needed permission to leave the plantation where they worked The object of the Black codes was to get Freedman back working on the ________________________ plantations and other work they did when they were slaves What were the Black Code laws passed for? Freedmen’s Bureau • • • The Freedmen’s Bureau was created by ____________________ to help freeman by supplying food, shelter, medicine, and in many cases, jobs. Freedmen’s Bureau workers had the power to settle disputes and issues between Freedman and Whites. Because of this the freedmen’s bureau faced many ____________ from southerners who would attempt to intimidate and in some cases kill freedmen’s bureau workers. Was Presidential Reconstruction successful? • • • _______________________ By passing the “Black Codes” southern states had basically forced Freedman back into ___________________________. By not punishing Confederate leaders they could run for office in their state governments and in the U.S. Congress. These people would never agree to give Freedman _____________________. THE RADICAL REPUBLICANS • • • Northerners are ____________________________!!!!! Why did the Union fight the Civil War if the South refused to actually free their former slaves? The “_________________________________” Republicans in Congress used their version of Reconstruction as a way to punish the Southerners and gain fair treatment for freedman. What political party was trying to help the slaves in the South? Congressional Reconstruction The Reconstruction plan by the Radical Republican Congress is known as _____________________________ Reconstruction. 1) Congress ________________ the new Southern Governments and refused to admit the southern Congressmen into Congress. 2) They passed the ________________ Amendment which made all Freedman ______________________ of the United States. This did away with the Black Codes and gave Freedman the same civil rights as whites under the Constitution. What did the 14th Amendment do? 3) Republicans passed the Reconstruction ____________ of 1867. This act put the southern states under ________________ Control. 10 southern states were now 5 military districts controlled by the Federal Government and the U.S. _______________________. 4) Radical Republicans ____________________ Andrew Johnson. What does it mean when the Republicans tried to Impeachment is a process where an elected official like the president can be ______________________ from office. Johnson “Impeach” the President? survived his trial in the Senate by only one vote. • _________ was combined with Louisiana and placed in the 5th district and fell under command of General Philip H. Sheridan. Was Johnson successfully impeached? 5) The _______________Amendment was passed. This gave the right to all men, regardless of race or color the right to vote. The U.S. Army immediately started registering Freedman to ________. • The Freedman voted in large numbers for the Republican party What did the 15th since that was the political party that helped them. Amendment do? 6) The “Iron Clad Oath.” Former _____________________ were barred from _________________. The political party of the south, the Southern Democrats lost all their power to the Republicans Republicans supporters in the South • The South called Northerners who came to the south after the war “______________________” because they believed these people were trying to ruin the south for their personal gain. Carpetbaggers were also ____________________________. • _______________________ were southerners who supported the North during the Civil War and Republicans after it. • _____________________ also voted Republican. Why did Freedman vote for the Republicans? What political party did the Iron Clad Oath hurt the most? How will the South React to Congressional Reconstruction? The Ku Klux Klan • Many plantation owners and former Confederate soldiers did not want African Americans to have __________________. • A secret group called the Ku Klux Klan was formed. • The goal of this group was to: – restore _____________________ control of the South – keep former slaves from _________________ and so they will be powerless What Political Party could now retake power in the Soon the Supreme Court ruled that the Ironclad Oath was South now that the Iron Clad ________________________. The government has no authority to Oath was ruled _____________________________ (take away the right to vote) unconstitutional? people who had never been convicted of a crime in a court of law. All southerners could now vote. Southerners calling themselves “The _____________________” soon voted out the Republicans from their state governments. By the mid 1870’s Southern _______________________ took power again and the South became known as the “solid south” because of it’s support for the Democrats. The Redeemers “I won’t be Reconstructed!” • • Jim Crow Laws • • Under the motto “Separate But Equal” southern states passed racist “Jim Crow” laws that _____________________ (separated) the races. This segregation would last for over ______________ years. Almost every part of life was separate for Whites and “Colored people” from __________________________ to restrooms. Was Congressional Reconstruction Successful? • • • _________________________ African Americans gained the right to __________ and _______________________________, but after Reconstruction ended Southern States found new ways to limit their rights like Jim Crow Laws and _______________ Taxes (Fees to vote which poor blacks could not pay) Southern reaction to Reconstruction was very strong and bad feelings lasted for decades and still linger till this day… Who were Jim Crow laws passed for?