Download File

1.
Cancer
2.
Communicable/
Infectious Disease
3.
Autoimmune/
Genetic Disease
4.
Disease and Human
Behavior
5.
Emerging Disease

Cancer occurs when cells in
various parts of the body begin to
replicate in an uncontrolled
fashion.

A mass of rapidly dividing cells,
called a tumor, typically does not
function properly and often
‘suffocates’ surrounding tissues.

The appearance and growth
rates of tumors can vary
significantly.

Cancer can develop in
virtually any part of the body.
Each type is unique, possessing
different causes, symptoms,
and treatments.

There are over 100 different
kinds of cancer humans can
develop during their lifetime.
Some are common, some are
rare, many are harmless, others
are deadly.

In the U.S., The most
deadly form of
cancer is lung cancer.

The most common
and curable form of
cancer is skin cancer.

Tumor’s benign in nature
grow slowly and do not
cause harm to
surrounding tissues.

Malignant tumors grow
quickly and spread
aggressively, ‘starving’
vital tissues of vital
nutrients.

Left untreated, malignant
tumors usually spread
throughout the organ
system where they
originated, eventually
moving on to others.

Because all organ systems
rely on one another to
maintain homeostasis,
these events almost always
result in death.

Chemotherapy involves
the use of cytotoxic drugs
to kill and/or limit the
growth of a tumor.

Although often effective,
chemotherapy tends to
hinder normal tissue/
organ function, and can
cause excessive fatigue,
nausea, and/or hair loss.

The most aggressive forms
of cancer require
radiation therapy, in which
controlled doses of high
energy gamma radiation
are used to ‘bombard’ the
tumor.

Radiation therapy can
prolong the life of cancer
patients, but rarely results
in remission.

A doctor who specialized in cancer
diagnosis and treatment is called a(an)…

One’s interaction with
their environment
throughout their lifetime
can cause the onset of
diseases including
cancer.

Here are a few
examples…

An unhealthy diet, lack of exercise,
smoking, genetic predisposition

Excessive drug and alcohol use “wear down” these
organs causing fatty scar tissue to replace
functional cells, resulting in a decline in function
over time.

Cigarette smoke and chewing tobacco
contain chemicals which can result in
the growth of cancerous tumors.

Any Disease which develops as
a result of a pathogenic
organism (including bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and/or parasites) is
called an infectious disease.

A communicable disease can
be passed from one individual
to another through direct
contact, or in some cases,
through the air.

The most common kinds of communicable/
infectious diseases include bacterial infections,
the common cold, and influenza.

Proper hygiene and limiting
one’s exposure to
pathogens are the most
effective means of
preventing the spread of
infectious disease.

A healthy immune system is
the best defense against the
vast majority of natural
pathogens.

Bacteria are single celled microbes
which exist almost everywhere. Much
smaller than eukaryotic cells, bacteria
can replicate very quickly.

There are about 10 million bacteria cells
on the palm of you hand right now!

Unlike bacteria, viruses
are non-living
infectious protein
complexes which can
only survive and
reproduce inside a
host cell.

Typical symptoms like
inflammation, stuffy
nose, sore throat, and
fever are a result of the
body’s immune system
trying to “get rid” of
invading pathogens;
not the pathogens
themselves!

Antibiotics are compounds
which kill or inhibit the growth
of bacteria. They are
prescribed to aid the immune
system in either to fighting or
preventing infection.

A vaccine is a weakened
form of a disease
designed to generate
antibodies and activate
memory B cells. Because
the introduced pathogen
is not virulent, it doesn’t
make you sick, but does
create “immunity,” if
exposed to the actual
microbes in the future.

A genetic disease or disorder is a
condition resulting from
abnormalities in one’s DNA (genes
and chromosomes).

Many diseases diseases, such as
cancer, result from a “genetic
predisposition”, and can also be
caused/enhanced by
environmental factors. Most
disorders are quite rare and affect
one person in every several
thousands or millions.

There is no cure for
genetic disease.
treatment is symptomatic

The nature, onset, and
severity of genetic
diseases vary wildly, as do
treatment methods.

A karyotype shows one’s 46
chromosomes (sometimes in
their replicated state, and
sometimes not).

Gross genetic abnormalities
resulting from mistakes
during meiosis can result in a
number of genetic disorders.
Many can be seen in a
karyotype.
What do the following karyotypes reveal?...
Karyotype
Analysis #1
Karyotype
Analysis #3
Karyotype
Analysis #4
Karyotype
Analysis #5
Karyotype
Analysis #6
Karyotype
Analysis
#7

What is the difference between genetic
disorders and other types of disease in
terms of how they are acquired and
treated?

The human immune system is so
effective and reliable , it can
sometimes turn on itself.

Autoimmune disease pairs an
immune response with specific
environmental factors and a
genetic predisposition.
Some examples include:
Alopecia
Psoriasis
Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
Diabetes
Vitiligo
hepatitis

Pathogens are constantly
mutating into new forms more
virulent and resistant than their
predecessors.

Scientists are locked in an
“evolutionary arms race’ with
disease causing pathogens,
developing new antibiotics,
vaccines, and treatment
methods to fight microbial
resistance and mutation.

What “emerging diseases” have you
seen in the news recently?









___________ tumors grow slowly and do not starve surrounding tissues of
nutrients.
___________ is a process that occurs in the gonads and results in the
production of gametes.
A vaccine is a weakened form of a disease designed to generate
_____________ and activate memory B cells.
A oncologist specializes in ____________________.
_____________ involves the use of cytotoxic drugs to kill and/or limit the
growth of a tumor.
____________ aid the immune system by killing and or inhibiting the
proliferation of prokaryotes inside the body.
________________ results from a non-disjunction event during anaphase I of
meiosis.
Because there is no cure for genetic disease. treatment is said to be
________________.
What 3 factors characterize an autoimmune disease? (3 points)