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Transcript
Prokaryotes January 24, 2008 Vocabulary Prokaryote Eukaryote Aerobic Anaerobic Peptidoglycan Transformation Autotroph Heterotroph Lipopolysachharide Methanogen Halophile Thermophile Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria Proteobacteria Chlamydia Spirochetes Cyanobacteria Chemo/photo autotrophs chemo/photo heterotrophs 1. Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____. a) Bacteria b) Bacteria and Eukarya c) Bacteria and Protista d) Bacteria and Archaea e) Protista and Archaea 2. Bacteria can be of any of the following shapes except a) spiral b) rod c)cylindrical d)spherical 3. Why is it difficult to devise a realistic phylogeny for prokaryotes? Bacteria are very small, so hard to deal with. It is hard to find fossil record for bacteria. It is difficult to study the molecular biology of prokaryotes. 4. Bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. Gram positive bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan while Gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan. 5. Gram-___________ bacteria have lipopolysaccharides on their cell wall, meaning they are ___________ resistant to antibiotics, which prevent peptidoglycan cross-linking. a. Negative…more b. Negative…less c. Positive…less d. Positive…more 6. How do you differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria? They stain differently with gram stain. Gram positive stains purple whereas gram negative stains pink. Gram positive doesn’t have Lipopolysaccharide whereas gram negative has it. 7. Fermentation is an example of ______________ respiration, in which oxygen is _____________ to carry out cell respiration. a. anaerobic, required b. aerobic, required c. aerobic, not required d. anaerobic, not required 8. Some prokaryotes can either make their own energy, which are called autotrophic, or get energy from outside sources, called heterotrophic. 9. Fill in the blanks with mode of nutrition and also examples of organisms with the nutrition habit. Organic matter Energy Source CO2 Chemicals chemoheterotroph Chemoautotroph photoheterotroph photoautotroph Sunlight 10. What is not true about methanogen? a. It is a subgroup of archaea that produces methane. b. It performs aerobic respiration. c. It lives in swamps and marshes. d. It is found in gut of cattle, deer and termites. 11. Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess _____. a. Photosynthetic pigments b. A nucleoid with a circular chromosome c. Membrane-enclosed organelles d. Cell walls 12. Discuss some of the importance of bacteria to humans. Help in digestion of food, they cause diseases, they are decomposers, they can be used to make antibiotics, they are used in cultures to make yogurt and many more. 13. All of these are kinds of bacteria except a. Proteobacteria b. Spirochetes c. Bacteriophage d. Chlamydias e. Cyanobacteria 14. Cyanobacteria a. are also called Purple Sulphur Bacteria b. are always unicellular c. are photoautotrophs d. are photoheterotrophs 15. Which of the following fix Nitrogen into the soil? a. Chlamydias b. Spirochetes c. Cyanobacteria d. Proteobacteria